Mixing time, global

This homogeneous reaction is instantaneous and mixing is limited. As a consequence, at steady state, by measuring the required volume to complete the discoloring of iodine, it is possible to determine the global mixing time very easily. 

On the reverse, how does the presence of particles affect local and global flow features in the vessel such as the vortex structure in the vicinity of the impeller, power consumption, circulation and mixing times, and the spatial distribution of turbulence quantities more specifically colliding particles have an impact on the liquid s turbulence (Ten Cate et al., 2004) while local particle concentrations affect the effective (slurry) viscosity which may be useful in the macroflow simulations ... 

The escape of Rn from soils is the source of 99% of the Rn in the atmosphere. Typical radon escape rates are on the order of 1 atomcm s from the land surface, which result in a radon inventory of the global atmosphere of 1.5Xl0 Bq. Atmospheric radon itself is a chemically inert and unscavenged, i.e., not removed from the atmosphere by physical or chemical means. Because its half-life is much less than the mixing time of the atmosphere, it is a tracer of atmospheric transport and can be used in a synoptic approach to identify air masses derived from continental boundary layers or in a climatological manner to verify the predictions of numerical models of transport. 

The relationship between NMR chemical shifts and the secondary structure of a protein has been well established (19,20,21). The C and carbonyl carbons experience an upfield shift in extended structures, such as a P-strand, and a downfield shift in helical structures. Both the Cp and the Ha proton chemical shifts exhibit the opposite correlation. These shifts have proven to be sufficiently consistent to permit the prediction of secondary structural elements for a number of proteins (1,19,20). Knowledge of the secondary structure of a protein can be useful in identifying spin-diffusion effects during the analysis of 4D N/ N-separated NOES Y data collected with long mixing times as described below. The secondary structure can also be used as a constraint in the calculation of protein global folds. 

Mixing effects in chemical reactions must be formulated in terms of local mixing rates or local mixing times. The easily formulated global blend time seldom has an effect, while the time constants based on local conditions in the reactor, such as local mixing time or local mass transfer rate can be very important. 

A relative ratio of intra-residual NOE intensities strongly depends on side chain conformations and global folding by the spin diffusion. The dependency makes the intra-residual NOE difficult to use for structure calculations. Changing the disadvantage into an advantage, the dependency can also be utilized for a new pseudo-potential of the side chain conformation. This will create a database of mixing time build-up carves for structure-resolved proteins in the future. 

In fermentation technology it is the mixing time rather than the dispersion coefficient El which is used to characterize the global mixing effects. The mixing time can be obtained from the transient solution of the dispersion model and is usually defined for 90 % homogeneity. 

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