Mixing-rate effect

Tan, L.S. ef al. (1996) Evolution of mechano-chemistiy and microstracture of a calcium aluminate-polymer component. Part II. Mixing rate effect. Journal of Materials Research 11, 1739-1747. 

Figure 13-32 Yield of R in the reaction A- -B R R- -B S from experimental data of Middleton et al. (1986) and from their simulations, which assume no local mixing rate effect. Simulations using paired-interaction closure agree with the Middleton et al. simulations, showing that the controlling mixing rate is not micromixing.

Jones, A.G., Hostomsky, J. and Zhou Li, 1992a. On the effect of liquid mixing rate on primary crystal size during the gas-liquid precipitation of calcium carbonate. Chemical Engineering Science, 47, 3817-3824. 

A mass of evidence seems to confirm that the mixing rate of radiocarbon in the atmosphere is rapid, and that with respect to its radiocarbon content the atmosphere can be considered as a homogeneous entirety. The contamination of samples with matter from an extraneous source can nevertheless invalidate this assumption. Two types of contamination can be differentiated physicochemical contamination and mechanical intrusion. There are two forms of physicochemical contamination. One is due to the dilution of the concentration of radiocarbon in the atmosphere by very old carbon, practically depleted of radiocarbon, released by the combustion of fossil fuel, such as coal and oil. The other is by the contamination with radiocarbon produced by nuclear bomb tests during the 1950s and later in the twentieth century. The uncertainties introduced by these forms of contamination complicate the interpretation of data obtained by the radiocarbon dating method and restrict its accuracy and the effective time range of dating. 

Fox (1996b) has investigated the properties of the VCIEM model, and has shown that correlation between the velocity and scalar fields due to the turbulent scalar flux can have a significant effect on the molecular mixing rate predicted by (6.86). 

Lerk, C.F., Bolhuis, G.K., Smallenbroek, A.J., and Zuurman, K., Interaction of tablet disintegrants and magnesium stearate during mixing. 11. Effect on dissolution rate, Pharm. Acta Helv., 57 282-286 (1982). 

The release of pressurized gas to the atmosphere and its dispersion can be described in three stages jet mixing, momentum effects of wind or air currents, and natural diffusion. While the initial properties of the gas at the time of release (e.g. temperature, pressure, density) define the first stage, they have little influence on the second and third stage. The energy associated with the release of a pressurized gas creates a "jet mixing" effect that causes the gas to be diluted in air. Gas releases can rapidly form explosive clouds depending on the rate of release. 

O Brien, T.K. (1984). Mixed-mode strain energy release rate effects on edge delamination of composites. In Effects of Defects in Composite Materials, ASTM STP 836, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA. pp. 125-142. 

With such low concentrations of components available to form critical nuclei, hydrate formation seems unlikely in the bulk phases. However, at an interface where higher concentrations exist through adsorption (particularly at the vapor-liquid interface where both phases appear in abundance) cluster growth to a supercritical size is a more likely event. High mixing rates may cause interfacial gas + liquid + crystal structures to be dispersed within the liquid, giving the appearance of bulk nucleation from a surface effect. 

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