Mixed-ligand complexes, transition metal

The metal complexes discussed thus far bear little resemblance to the vast majority of common transition-metal complexes. Transition-metal chemistry is dominated by octahedral, square-planar, and tetrahedral coordination geometries, mixed ligand sets, and adherence to the 18-electron rule. The following three sections introduce donor-acceptor interactions that, although not unique to bonding in the d block, make the chemistry of the transition metals so distinctive. 

Of the transition metals, the nickel triad has been the most studied in terms of xanthate structures, especially nickel xanthates. Thus, binary xanthate structures are known for all elements with no less than 15 binary nickel xanthate structures known and these aggregate in the solid state in six distinct supramolecular architectures. There is also a rich diversity of adducts as well as mixed-ligand complexes, in particular for nickel. 

Trifluorophosphine and carbon monoxide readily undergo ligand-exchange reactions in their transition metal complexes. The close similarity in bonding characteristics of the two ligands toward transition metals has been discussed extensively in several review articles (72,174,272) and the evidence will not be repeated here. Extensive vibrational spectroscopic studies have been made on mixed carbonyl-PF3 metal complexes (72,174) and force constant calculations have been carried out in some cases. 

A large fraction of the binuclear mixed chalcogen/carbonyl transition metal complexes of iron and manganese contain the M2E (CO)6 core with the butterfly-type structure (n = 2) or substructure (n — 3, see Section 1.10.3). As an example of a complex with thiolate ligands, the structure of [Fe2(SC3H7)2(CO)6] is shown in... 

The catalytic effect of metal j8-diketonates used in the epoxy-anhydride compositions is the result of the formation of transition mixed-ligand complexes of acid anhydrides with these chelates [Eq (1)] ... 

The decomposition of the transition complex (Scheme 12) at elevated temperatures causes the reduction of the metal cation, whereas the carbocation (Scheme 13) initiates the polymerization of the epoxy oligomers. In that way, the metal type and the stereochemistry of the mixed-ligand complexes as well as of the metal )S-diketonates bring about the reactivity... 

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