Mitigation measures, adequacy

Dispersion of chemicals into the environment may occur via ground and surface water or sanitary and storm sewer systems. Gases, vapors and combustion products can be dispersed in the air. In addition, particulate matter and condensate can precipitate out of smoke plumes. The risks to the public will be the result of several variables, including quantities, physical properties and hazards, as well as the adequacy and effectiveness of mitigation measures. 

Research activities continue to advance the adequacy of mitigation measures. 

Assess the adequacy of these mitigation measures and, if necessary, propose additional ones, process should be recorded in a Change Safety Analysis Report, and the System Hazard Log should be updated in line with the Change Safety Analysis Report. ... 

Safety Analysis—A documented process to (1) provide systematic identification of hazards within a given DOE operation (2) describe and analyze the adequacy of the measures taken to eliminate, control, or mitigate identified hazards and (3) analyze and evaluate potential accidents and their associated risks. 

To describe and analyze the adequacy of the measures taken to eliminate, control, or mitigate identified hazards and... 

Layers of protection There are many independent layers of protection provided in the control measure in addition to the basic process control system. These layers of protection make the control measures more robust. Fig. 11/4.5.4-1 may be referred to for more detail. Detailed discussions are available in Chapter V. Common mode failure Common mode failure refers to the failure of more than one control system on account of a common cause, which underlines the importance of independent layers of protection. However, common cause can affect both engineering and administrative controls. So, while considering the adequacy of control measures used for risk prevention/reduction/mitigation, etc. it is necessary and important to see that all such control measures are not only independent but also do not suffer from common mode fculure—discussed in later part of the book. 

After assessing the hazards and risk, the next job is to assess the existing safety/control measures or barriers in place. Obviously, this is done to evaluate the adequacy of control measures to prevent or mitigate major hazardous events. There are a number of ways and means to achieve this (see Chapter II). From experience, one way is to... 

---