Mitigation categories

All efforts to prevent or correct LAQ problems should include an effort to identify and control pollutant sources. Source control is generally the most cost effective approach to mitigating LAQ problems in which point sources of contaminants can be identified. In the case of a strong source, source control may be the only solution that will work. The following are categories and examples of source control ... 

The ESDs were then translated into associated event trees. A generic event tree was developed for all initiators not involving LOCA. The generic transient event tree for each category of the transient initiators and loss of offsite power were specialized by the impact of the initiators on the safety and support systems, from the success criteria of the mitigating systems, and the initiator-specific human actions which were modeled in the fault trees. 

FIGURE 8.1 The risk curve lines shown represent thresholds between different types of decisions (based on ECOFRAM 1999a and 1999b). These thresholds would be determined by decision makers and may move location subject to other factors that affect the decision (e.g., pesticide benefits). The bottom graph shows an example risk curve with uncertainty bounds. The curve clearly fits within the acceptable risk category however the upper uncertainty bound does not, indicating a need for risk mitigation or further refinement of the risk assessment. 

The SSG was created in this manner to give a broad overview of the EHS performance profile of solvents and highlight any areas that would have major issues to eliminate, mitigate, or manage. The most recent addition to the SSG was the LCA score. The LCA score is based on a life cycle inventory (LCI) of each solvent and includes the impact categories shown in Table 3.6. The unique aspect of the LCA score is that it is based on a very comprehensive list of factors which contribute to a solvent s environmental impact, which includes the waste generation from... 

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) refers to the interaction between electric and magnetic helds and sensitive electronic circuits and devices. EMI is predominantly a high-frequency phenomenon. The mechanism of coupling EMI to sensitive devices is different from that for power frequency disturbances and electrical transients. The mitigation of the effects of EMI requires special techniques, as will be seen later. Radio frequency interference (RFT) is the interaction between conducted or radiated radio frequency helds and sensitive data and communication equipment. It is convenient to include RFI in the category of EMI, but the two phenomena are distinct. 

Mitigation techniques are divided into two categories prerelease and postrelease mitigation measures. Prerelease mitigation measures take effect... 

As discussed in Chapter 2, mitigation systems can be divided into two categories pre- and postrelease mitigation systems. Both systems are intended to reduce risk by either reducing the probability an event will occur or the consequence if it does happen. 

Typical post-release mitigation methods are as follows, in an approximate decreasing order of effectiveness in each category ... 

In 1.1, we described the society s environmental problems and concerns, and in 1.2, we discussed the regulations that mandate actions to mitigate or solve them. In almost all environmental problems, there is a need for knowledge or predictions of the solute concentrations in space and time. This need can be viewed from two broad categories of field-based environmental problems ... 

Under each of these categories are discussions of parametric effects, mechanisms, correlations, predictive models, the effects of multicomponent mixtures and, finally, enhancement or mitigation. 

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