Miscible property

Noted There are several types of thermotropic and lyotropic cubic mesophases, with different symmetry and miscibility properties when the space groups of these are known, they should be included in parentheses after the term Cub . 

The effectiveness of methacrylate-grafted latex rubbers for HIPS was unexpected because of the poor miscibility properties of these type of polymers (5). The situation is different in the case of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) types that are miscible with methacrylate-grafted latex rubbers. 

Although these reactions operate under solvent-free conditions (with an excess of the arene), many Friedel-Crafts acylations utilize volatile and hazardous halogenated solvents. Here, their replacement by ionic liquids can considerably lower the environmental risks and provide a greener chemistry . Ionic liquids with their unique miscibility properties, high thermal stability and miniscule vapor pressure are valuable alternatives for the wide range of traditional solvents available. 

The miscibility properties of TA mixtures show interesting patterns as a function of pressure (Schneider, 1966 1973). An increase in pressure can result in an increase in LCST (e.g. triethylamine + water), a maximum in LCST (e.g. 4-methylpiperidine +... 

VanDijck PWM, Kaper AJ, Oonk HAJ, DeGier J. Miscibility properties of binary phosphatidylcholine mixtnres-calorimetric stndy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1977 470 58-69. 

Figure 5.2 gives an overview of the miscibility properties of the common HPLC solvents at ambient temperature. Miscibility depends on temperature. Moreover,... 

Keeping all these circumstances in mind, it becomes understandable why the use of traditional solvents for biphasic catalysis (e.g., water or butanediol) has only been able to fiilfiU this potential in a few specific examples [41]. Whereas, this type of highly specialized liquid-liquid biphasic operation is an ideal field for the application of ionic liquids, mainly due to their exactly tuneable physicochemical properties (see Section 3.3 for more details). Very recently it has been demonstrated that the solubility and miscibility properties of ionic liquids can be varied so widely that even mutually immiscible ionic liquids can be realized [42], However, applications of these ionic liquid-ionic liquid biphasic systems in catalysis have not yet been described. 

Ciystallograms of structure-type line diagrams have been developped by Smirnova (1971,1975a, b, 1976,1977) to recognise relations between structure types and homologous series based on structural elements. Tolerance classes of elements of a-Fe-, Cu-, Mg- and a-La-type are discussed by Smirnova, Kurashkovskaya and Below (1977 a, b, c) on the basis of miscibility properties. 

Figure 5.2 gives an overview of the miscibility properties of the common HPLC solvents at ambient temperature. Miscibility depends on temperature. Moreover, many solvent mixtures are partially soluble at certain volume proportions. This is not represented in the figure because it is always best to use solvents which are fully miscible with each other over the full range from pure A to pure B. 

Grubelrrik A, WiesU L, Furrer P, Rentsch D, Hany R, Meyer VR (2(X)8) A simple HPLC-MS method for the quantitative determination of the composition of bacterial medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates. J Sep Sd 31 1739-1744 Ha CS, Cho WJ (2002) Miscibility, properties and biodegradabiUty of microbial polyester containing blends. Prog Polym Sd 27 759-809... 

Because of the PET-rich phase in this longitudinal PLC, it is useful, where possible, to mention the compatability of PET homopolymer with the various EPs when discussing the EP + PET/xPHB blends. In this way useful comparisons between miscibility properties of PET homopolymer and the PET-rich phase of PET/xPHB material can be made. 

Having both water- and oil-miscible properties, surfactants are generally used as wetting agents to reduce surface tension and facilitate contact between detergent and the surface being cleaned. Various anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants are available. 

Cellosolve n. C2H5OCH2CH2OH. Proprietary name for the monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol, ethoxyethanol. It is also the generic name for a comprehensive series of ethers or similar type such as methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, etc. A relatively slow drying flexographic ink solvent frequently used as a retarder. Cellosolve is water miscible. Properties bp, 135°C Sp gr, 0.931/ 20°C ftp, 42°C (107°F) vp, 4mmHg/ 20°C. 

Several studies of PCL blends have made use of commercially available polymers. The characteristics of the major samples of PCL and also of poly(vinyl chloride) are given in Table 1 not all authors quote consistent information for nominally the same polymer and use of incorrect molecular weights could affect the conclusions from discussions of properties, especially of miscibility. Properties of the samples are detailed at relevant points in the text [2,9,14-24]. 

Besides using differential scanning calorimetry (30) miscibility properties of vesicular systems can also be characterized using freeze-fracture electron microscopy. 

In addition, many ILs have imusual solubility and miscibility properties, attractive electric conductivity, quite interesting polarity nucleophilicity for catalysis, and remarkable tribologic properties [Werner et al., 2010]. The thermodynamics and reaction kinetics of processes carried out in ILs media are different from those carried out in conventional media. This creates new opportunities for catalytic reactions, sep>arations, electrochemistry, and combined reaction/ separation processes [Anonymous, 2004]. 

The solvent system, and in particular the composition of the phase that contains the CS, affects greatly enantiorecognition. In this context, the use of new solvents, such as ionic liquids [84] or ordered liquid phases (lyotropic liquid crystals), extended to chiral separations could provide new properties and selectivities. Fluorinated solvents and their particular miscibility properties can also extent the applicability of diverse chiral selecting moieties. 

The Flory-Huggins equation provides the basis for a general discussion of the miscibility properties of a pair of polymers. As we shall see, this can be achieved in a transparent manner and leads to clear conclusions. To start with, we recall that as a necessary requirement mixing must be accompanied... 

Although initially developed for fluids, the COSMO-RS approach is capable of yielding useful parameters for the estimation of solubility and miscibility properties of other disordered systems, such as polymer melts. Several successful applications to polymer questions have already been reported. 

Nevertheless, two groups have strongly helped the development of this class of polyfullerenes Goh s, which has focused mainly on the mechanical behavior, miscibility properties and interpolymer complexes of C )-end-capped polymers (Chapter 4) [33], and Tam s, which has emphasized the aggregation behavior and self-assembly of endopped polymers under appropriate conditions (Chapter 3)... 

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