Mirrors Chinese

Last, but not least, there is the intentional coloring or patination of metals, of prime importance in sculpture and decorative arts, as this is (in many cases) the key factor in the visual coherence and significance of objects. There is some evidence of their early use in Chinese bronze mirrors, in Japanese sword guards made with alloys especially developed for patination, in the classical Greek and Roman bronzes, in Islamic metalwork, and in cast bronze sculptures from the Renaissance to the present day [280]. 

Chinese and Japanese bronze mirrors dating from the first, fifth, seventh, eleventh, and twelfth centuries have been found to contain between 62 and 74 per cent, of copper associated with other metals. A Corean mirror of the tenth century contains 73 per cent, of copper, and considerable proportions have been found in ancient coins, arrow-heads, and water-pots from these lands.5... 

Chikashigea has observed the presence of silver, in association with other metals, in specimens of Chinese money dating from 722 to 481 b.c. and also in a Corean mirror of the tenth century a.d. 

The bronze production in China was both long-lasting and extensive. A lot of bronzes were produced in these 3000 years As an example, over 1295 mirrors have been excavated and listed in publications during 1923-1966 when Barnard compiled his tables (4). When we add the pieces in Western collections which have come out of China without provenance data and the numbers of objects lost, still undiscovered, or melted down as scrap, the totals are staggering. The story of Chinese bronze alloy compositions is a complex one. 

Figure 2, A ternary plot of Chinese bronzes analyzed at the Freer Gallery of Art, The mirrors ( ) form a distinct, high-tin group. (O), Shang ceremonial vessels (34 points) (+), Early Chou ceremonial vessels (31 points) (A), Middle and Late Chou ceremonial vessels (31 points) ( ), Chin and Han ceremonial vessels (5 points) ( ), Later ceremonial vessels (19 points) ( ), mirrors (27 points) (<), Ming Knife Coins (8 points) (>), belt hooks up to Han (147 points) ( ), later belt hooks (6 points).

Chinese gallotannin see Tannins Chirality the necessary and sufficient condition for optical activity (rotation of the plane of polarized light). C. means handedness (from the Greek Kelp = hand). Chiral molecules have no second order symmetry element (center, plane or axis of symmetry) and exist in two mirror-image forms (enantiomers) which cannot be rotated in such a way as to coincide. Most chiral compounds contain an asymmetrically substituted C-atom, i.e. a tetrahedral C-atom with 4 different substituents [E.L.EIiel, S.H.Wilen L.N.Mander Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley Sons New York, 1994]... 

This section is almost a mirror image of the previous one. The previous one considered the issue of the threats involved in change. But the Chinese character for crisis can mean threat or opportimity . Change is also an opportrmity to achieve positive things in, and for, an organization. 

Gustaf von Engestrom (Lund, i August 1738-Uppsala, 12 August 1813), warden of the Stockholm Mint, published on the blowpipe (see p. 174), on native soda kien) from China and borax (poun-xa) from Tibet, pyrolusite, Chinese zinc ore, Chinese pdktongy iron and steel, the separation of metals by means of liver of sulphur, the separation of silver from silver chloride by fusion with potassium carbonate, and the recovery of mercury from glass mirrors. ... 

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