Mirror-finish surfaces

Let us consider the reflection on a flat mirror-finished surface as depicted in Fig. 1. The complex electric field of the standing wave above the surface is the result of the vectorial sum of the incident and the reflected beam [1]. The magnitude... 

The application of a cBN single crystal for precise cutting of hard steel has been reported, indicating that the cBN crystal can make mirror-finished surfaces of a steel material, eliminating further grinding processes (343). However, the cBN crystal was severely worn and practical applications for machining of hard steel appear to be difficult because of the lack of endurance of the tool. 

It should be recognized that surface finish can be more than just a cosmetic standard. It also affects product quality, mold or die cost, and delivery time of tools and/or products. The surface can be used not only to enhance clarity for the sake of appearance but to hide surface defects such as sink and parting marks. The Society of Plastics Engi-neers/Society of Plastics Industries standards range from a No. 1 mirror finish to a No. 6 grit blast finish. A mold finish comparison kit consisting of six hardened tool steel pieces and... 

Figure 2.33 Boiling curves for acetone boiling on Teflon-coated, mirror-finished, and rough surfaces. (From Ramilison and Lienhard, 1987. Copyright 1987 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York. Reprinted with permission.)...

The polycrystalline platinum electrode was mounted in Kel>F resin and polished with a scries of alumina powders down to 0.05, resulting mirror finish. The apparent surface area was 1.85 cm. The electrode was washed with fuming sulfuric add and rinsed with ultra pure water prior to each measurement. 

Polish the surface of the GEC electrode prior to each use, first with abrasive paper, and then with alumina paper (polishing strips 301044-001, Orion) to give a smooth mirror finish with a fresh renewable surface. When not in use, the electrodes can be stored in a dried place at room temperature. 

These steel precision works of art have at least a mirror finish on the melt flow channel orifice surfaces. The slightest minute scratches can produce flaws in the extruded products. Great care must be used during their installation, operation, removal, cleaning, and storage. When designing them the target is to use as few parts as possible. The dies should be easily lifted for installation or maintenance, easily disassembled, easily cleaned, and easily reassembled. 

Platinum plates with 1 cm area per side were metallographically polished to a mirror finish, rinsed with distilled water, and flamed just before exposure to sea water for either ellipsometric or contact angle measurements. The platinum plates were wetted with photo-oxidized sea water before immersing into experimental sea water, so that passage of the surface through the air—sea water interface would not cause any film present there to be transferred to the plate. For the same reason plates removed from the experimental sea water were immediately immersed while still visibly wet in photo-oxidized sea water and then rinsed. 

After cutting a specimen of AlN/W FGM in the direction of the gradient, we polished the surface to a mirror finish and observed the microstructure by Scanning Electron Microscope. Photo 1 shows the results of backscattered electron image of the microstructure. The black distributed areas are metallic tungsten particles. The dispersed particles are also distributed inside the aluminum nitride crystal grain and grain boundary. 

Mechanical polishing is generally first done with fine emery paper. Care must be taken to work across the lines (scratches) formed on the surface by continual random rotation of the sample. Then alumina powders of different grades (on different felts) or diamond pastes of different grades (on different cloths) are used to remove, as well as possible, the disturbed layer.t A mirror finish should be observed for instance, no trace of the lines due to the polishing should appear when observation is magnified 20 times. 

Stainless steels are examples of alloy steels, i.e. ones that contain a J-block metal in addition to carbon. Stainless steels have a significant content of the alloy metal and are of high commercial value because of their high resistance to corrosion. All contain a minimum of 10.5% (by mass) of chromium and the resistance to corrosion arises from the formation of a thin layer of Cr203 ( 13 000 pm thick) over the surface of the steel. The oxide layer passivates (see Section 9.4) the steel and is self-repairing, i.e. if some of the oxide coating is scratched off, further oxidation of the chromium in the steel necessarily repairs the wound . A further property that makes stainless steels commercially important is that they can be polished to satin or mirror finishes and this is easily appreciated in the ranges of stainless steel cutlery available to the consumer. 

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