Miotics

The miotic effect induced by physostigmine lends itself to investigation of the interrelation of chemical constitution and pharmacological action, and Stedman has devoted much attention to this subject. Eseroline is devoid of miotic activity, so that the latter action in physostigmine must be mainly due to the fact that it is a methylurethane, and, since activity only becomes evident in the urethanes of phenolic bases or phenols with a basic side-chain, a basic nucleus for the urethanes appears also to be essential. 

In the series NHR. CO. O. CgH. NMe all the members tried in which R is a methyl group were active, but when R is ethyl or hydrogen, miotic action is reduced or may even disappear, thus the p and m-dimethylaminophenyl esters of ethylcarbamic acid (R = C2H5) are inactive but the o-ester is active, indicating that activity is also influenced by the position and nature of the basic group. When the tertiary basic... 

A further development of this subject is due to Aeschlimann and Reinert, who found that in the series represented by (XLI) thedimethyl-carbamic ester (XLI R = Me) and the methylphenylcarbamic ester (XLI R = Ph) were at least as active as physostigmine in stimulating peristalsis. The miotic activity of the dimethylcarbamic ester (prostig-mine, neostigmine) is similar to that of physostigmine, that of the methylphenylcarbamic ester being weak. 

Miotic action by physostigmine and its substitutes, 549 miotine, 550 Mitragyna spp., alkaloids, 756 Mitragynine, 756, 757... 

Therapeutic Function Miotic, cholinomimetic Chemical Name 1-Azabicyclo(2.2.2] octan-3-ol acetate Common Name 3-Quinuclidlnol Acetate... 

The following sections give selected interactions of die alkylating dragp, antimetabolites, antibiotics, hormones, miotic inhibitors, and miscellaneous antineoplastic dragp. The nurse should consult appropriate sources for a more complete listing of interactions before any antineoplastic drug is administered. 

Additive bone marrow depressive effects occur when the miotic inhibitor drugs are administered with other anti-neoplastic dragp or radiation therapy. Administration of vincristine with digoxin results in a decreased therapeutic effect of tlie digoxin and decreased plasma digoxin levels. There is a decrease in serum concentrations of phenytoin when administered widi vinblastine... 

The cholinesterase inhibitors are more potent and longer acting tiian the direct-acting miotics and are used... 

Eukaryotic organisms Saccharomyces cervislae Miotic cross over No data Yadav et al. 1982... 

Schoenwald et al. [280] demonstrated the unique ocular retention of this polymeric gel base in rabbits, in which the miotic effect of pilocarpine was significantly... 

FDA approved intraocular injections include mio-tics, viscoelastics, and viscoadherents and an antiviral agent for intravitreal injection. The approved intraocular miotics, carbachol (Miostat ) and acetylcholine (Miochol ), are injected into the anterior chamber at the end of cataract surgery to constrict the pupil and allow the iris to cover the implanted intraocular lens. Carbachol is formulated in a BSS vehicle in sterile water for injection at a physiological pH... 

Cook, H. G., B. C. Saunders, and F. E. Smith. "Esters Containing Phosphorus. VIII. Structural Requirements for High Toxicity and Miotic Action of Esters of Fluorophosphonic Acid." Journal of the Chemical Society, Abstracts (1949) 635-638. 

Perkow, E., Ullerich, K., and Meyer, F., New phosphoric ester with miotic activity, Naturwissenschaften, 39, 353, 1952. 

Saettone et al. [62] evaluated low viseosity polymers (polygalacturonic acid, hyaluronic acid, carboxymethylamylose, carboxymethylchitin, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, and mesoglyean) as potential mucoadhesive carriers for cyclopentolate and pilocarpine in a study of their influence on miotic activity in rabbits. Small but significant increases in bioavailability were observed and a correlation was foimd between the bioavailability of the two drugs and the mucoadhesive bond strength of the polymers investigated. 

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