Miniemulsion polymerization surface modification

Qiang W, Wang Y, He P, et al. (2008) Synthesis of asymmetric inoiganic/polymer nanocomposite particles vialocalized substrate surface modification and miniemulsion polymerization. Langmuir 24 606-608... 

Joumaa N, Toussay P, Lansalot M, et al. (2007) Surface modification of iron oxide nanoparticles by a phosphate-based macromonomer and further encapsulation into submicrometer polystyrene particles by miniemulsion polymerization. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 46 327-340... 

Liu XQ, Guan YP, Ma ZY, et al. (2004) Surface modification and characterization of magnetic polymer nanospheres prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. Langmuir 20 10278-10282... 

Han H, Lee J, Park D, Shim S. Surface modification of carbon black by oleic acid for miniemulsion polymerization of styrene. Macromol Res 2010 18(5) 435-41. 

Many of the papers described emulsion or miniemulsion polymerization in the presence of unmodified or modified clays (often MMT). The modifieation can be surface modification, edge modification or both. lanchis et al. claimed that they obtained both clay platelets (silylated MMT) inside the latex partieles and on the surface of latex particles. Although the elay was not easily visible in the TEM pictures presented, they indirectly inferred the presence of MMT platelets inside the latex particles by looking at the shape of the latex particles. Snowman morphologies were associated with the encapsulated clay. Recently, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-mediated... 

Many synthesis methods for nanopartides of these materials and thdr surface functionalization have been devdoped. Nanocomposites based on polyolefins were prepared by mdt compounding with nanoscaled ZnO and 1102. Amphiphilic copolymers and surfadants were used to stabilize pattides for film casting in polystyrene, " polycarbonate, and PMMA. By in situ partide preparation in MeOH and subsequent mixing with acetone and PMMA for solvent evaporation transparent ZnO/PMMA films could be realized even without further surface modification. Poly(acrylic add-co-sodium aaylate)/ZnO composite latex partides were obtained via inverse miniemulsion polymerization. ... 

Investigating the use of functional surfactants for the modification of clay and the properties of the resultant polymer/clay nanocomposite, Hartmann s team [69, 70] used surface-active RAFT agents. The appropriate functionalization of these RAFT agents made their attachment to clay platelets possible. As a result, a controlled growth of polymer chains from the surface of the clay platelets was achievable. They extrapolated to miniemulsion for the first time [71] their studies on styrene polymerization performed in bulk [72] in the presence of Montmorilloniteclay modified with PCDBAB and DCTBAB (Fig. 6). 

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