Mineral processing interactions

Some plants have been using computer control for 20 years. Control systems in industrial use typically consist of individual feedback and feedforward loops. Horst and Enochs [Engineering h- Mining]., 181(6), 69-171 (1980)] reported that installation of single-variable automatic controls improved performance of 20 mineral processing plants by 2 to 10 percent. But interactions among the processes make it difficult for independent controllers to control the circuit optimally. 

McBride M.B. Processes of heavy and transition metal sorption by soil mineral. In Interactions at the Soil Colloid-Soil Solution Interface, G.H. Bolt, M.F. De Boodt, M.H.B.Hayes, M.B. McBride, eds. NATO ASI Series (Series E Applied Sciences-Vol 190). Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991. 

Ekmekci, Z., Bradshaw, D.J., Harris, P.J., and Buswel, A.M., Interactive Effect of Milling Media and CuS04 Additions on the Flotation Performance of Sulphide Minerals from the Morensky ore, Part II Froth Stability, International Journal of Mineral Processing, Vol. T8, pp. 164-174, 2006. 

Plaksin, I.N., Study of Superficial Layers of Flotation Reagents on Minerals and the Influence of the Structure of Minerals on their Interactions with Minerals, International Mineral Processing Congress, paper 13, London, 1960. 

Buckley, A. N., Hamilton, I. C., Woods, R., 1985. Investigation of the surface oxidation of sulphide minerals by linear potential sweep and X-ray photoelectron. In K. S. E. Forssberg(ed.), Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, Elsevier. Amsterdam, 6 41 - 60 Buckley, A. N. and Woods, R., 1990. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of the interaction of xanthate with galena in relation to the mechanism. Int. J. Miner. Process, 28 301 - 311... 

Buckley, A. N., 1994. A survey of the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to flotation research. Colloids Surf, 93 159 - 172 Buckley, A. N. and Woods, R., 1995. Identifying chemisorption in the interaction of thiol collectors with sulphide minerals by XPS adsorption of xanthate on silver and silver sulphide. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 104,2 - 3 Buckley, A. N. and Woods, R., 1996. Relaxation of the lead-deficient sulphide surface layer on oxidized galena. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 26(9) 899 - 907 Buckley, A. N. and Woods, R., 1997. Chemisorption—the thermodynamically favored process in the interaction of thiol collectors with sulphide minerals. Inert. J. Miner. Process, 51 15-26... 

Bulut, G. and Atak, S., 2002. Role of dixanthogen on pyrite flotation solubility, adsorption studies and E h. FTIR measurements. Minerals Metallurgical Processing, 19(2) 81-86 Cases, J. M., Kongolo, M., de Donato, P., Michot, L. and Eire, R., 1990. Interaction between firely ground galena and pyrite with potassium amylxanthate in relation to flotation, 2. Influence of grinding media at natural pH. Inter. J. Miner. Process, 30 35 - 67... 

Richardson, P. E., Stout, J. V. Ill, Proctor, C. L., Walker, G. W., 1984. Electrochemical flotation of sulphides chalcocite-ethylxanthate interactions. Inter. J. Miner. Process, 12 73 - 93 Richardson, P. E. and Walker, G. W., 1985. The flotation of chalcocite, bomite, chalcopyrite and pyrite in an electrochemical-flotation cell. 15th Inter. Miner. Process Congr., Cannes, France, 2 198 - 210... 

Yelloji Rao M. K. and Natarajan, K. A., 1989b. Electrochemical effects of mineral-mineral interactions on the flotation of chalcopyrite and sphaterite. Inert. J. Miner. Process, 27 279-293... 

Yelloji Rao M. K. and Natarajan, K. A., 1989c. Effect of galvanic interaction between grinding media and minerals on sphalerite flotation. Inter. J. Miner. Process, 27(1 - 2) 95 - 109 Yelloji Rao M. K. and Natarajan, K. A., 1990. Effect of electrochemical interactions among sulphide minerals and grinding medium on the flotation of sphalerite and galena. Inter. J. Miner. Process, 29 175 - 194... 

Table I Interfacial Interactions of Importance in Mineral Processing...

III. BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES INTERACTIONS WITH MINERAL SURFACES... 

Grano, S. R., Prestidge, C. A., and Ralston, J. (1997) Solution interaction of ethyl xanthate and sulfite and its effect on galena flotation and xanthate adsorption, Int. J. Miner. Process., 52(2-3), 161-186. 

Bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and osteocalcin are synthesized and deposited as the mineralization process begins and mineral nodules form (Stein and Lian, 1993). Bone sialoprotein contains the cell-adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide sequence and may thus mediate osteoblast adhesion on the extracellular matrix (Gehron-Robey, 1989). Osteocalcin, a calcium-binding protein, interacts with hydroxyapatite and is thought to mediate coupling of bone resorption (by osteoclasts) and bone formation (by osteoblasts and/or osteocytes) (Stein and Lian, 1993). 

The far-reaching importance of ion-mediated (IM) and van der Waals (vdW) interactions cannot be sufficiently stressed. Whilst a fundamental understanding of these forces is of academic interest, other fields such as mineral processing. colloidal formulation, and lubrication all rely heavily on manipulation and control of both vdW and IM forces. 

P. K. Naik, P. S. R. Reddy, and V. N. Misra, Interpretation of interaction effects and optimization of reagent dosages for fine coal flotation. Internal. J. Mineral Processing 75(1-2) (2005). 

A typical window for entering process information is shown in Fig. 8, and in this figure a material balance equation for the acetic acid process, U15, has been entered as an equality constraint. Typical output from the cogeneration analysis is shown in the diagram in Fig. 9 for the results from the prototype. A detailed description of these operations is provided in an interactive user s manual with help files and a tutorial. All of this is available from the Louisiana State University Minerals Processing Research Institute s web site www.mpri.lsu.edu. 

---