Mimetics, peptides/proteins

These initial reports showed that functional carbohydrate-mimetic peptides could be found. These peptides acted as ligands for several biologically important proteins, and had potential in the development of therapeutics. Subsequently, peptides that act as molecular mimics of carbohydrates in binding to a wide variety of different receptors have been identified [ 14-44] these are summarized in Table 1 and reviewed in [ 13]. Some of these peptides were able not only to bind to a particular receptor, but also to act as immunologically functional mimics and to induce an anti-carbohydrate immune re-... 

Fassina G, Verdoliva A, Odiema MR, Ruvo M, Cassani G, A protein a mimetic peptide for the affinity purification of antibodies, J. Mol. Recogn., 9 564-560, 1996. 

The successful development of peptide, protein, and peptide mimetic biologically active hormones and neurotransmitters depends critically on five chemical aspects ... 

We briefly discuss each of these with particular reference to peptide, protein, and peptide mimetic hormone and neurotransmitter de novo design. 

Fig. 13 Stabilized helices and nonnatural helix mimetics several strategies that stabilize the a-helical conformation in peptides or mimic this domain with nonnatural scaffolds have been described. Recent advances include [1-peptide helices, terphenyl helix-mimetics, mini-proteins, peptoid helices, side-chain crosslinked a-helices, and the hydrogen bond surrogate (HBS) derived a-helices. Circles represent amino acid side-chain functionality (Reprinted from Henchey et al. [52], Copyright (2008) with permission from Elsevier)...

G Fassina, A Verdoliva, MR Odiema, M Ruvo, and G Cassani. A protein A mimetic peptide ligand for the affinity purification of antibodies. J Mol Recog 9 564-569, 1996. 

Moiani, D., Salvalaglio, M., Cavallotti, C., Bujacz, A., Redzynia, I., Bujacz, G., Dinon, F., Pengo, P., and Fassina, G. (2009) Structural characterization of a Protein A mimetic peptide denrimer bound to human IgG. J. Phys Chem B, 113,16268-16275. 

Solid state NMR has been employed to determine a number of distances and torsion angles in an elastin-mimetic peptide, (VPGVG)3, to understand the structural basis of elasticity. Elastin is an extracellular-matrix protein that imparts elasticity to tissues. The C. .. H and C. .. N distances between the V6 carbonyl and the V9 amide segment were measured using and C- H... 

Examples of studies on specific peptides and proteins in membranes are an SS NMR investigation of the selective disruption of lipid membranes by p-hairpin antimicrobial peptide protegrin-1 in multinuclear mixed lipid layer PG and PC +/ cholesterol MAS/NMR studies of apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptides in PC membranes with cholesterol with a comparison of the interactions of two 18-mers with the same composition but different sequence with the membrane the peptide sequence GSSSGRGDSPA having a hydrophobic extender to the N-terminus was studied with dextran oligosaccharides and hexyl ligands boimd onto a polyvinylamine backbone to mimic interactions at the ECM. ... 

Wrighton, N.C., et al. Small peptides as potent mimetics of the protein hormone erythropoietin. Science 273 458-463, 1996. 

Although biologically active helical y-peptides have not been reported so far, the striking structural similarities (polarity and helicity) between the a-helix of L-a-peptides and the (P)-2.6i4-hehx of y-peptides suggest that the 2.614-helical backbone might prove useful as a template for elaborating functional mimetics of a-helical surfaces and intervening in protein-protein interactions. 

In light of the importance of the / -turn motif in peptide and protein recognition, and the design and synthesis of bioactive small molecules, / -turn mimetics has attracted considerable attention. Seebach and coworkers have shown recently that low molecular weight open-chain / - and y-peptides designed to promote turn formation can be used as templates for mimicking the a-peptide hormone somatostatin. 

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