Millimeter temperature dependence

During main drying, the situation is very different the condition of a close contact with the product is only true at the beginning of MD thereafter, the measured temperature depends on circumstances which are difficult to analyze. The position of the sensor, on top, in the center or near the bottom contact with the vial wall, decides the measured data, as shown in Figure 1.76. If the filling volume of vials is small (a few millimeters layer thickness) or if the product is granular, it is especially difficult to ob-... 

In lock-in thermography (154), the selected frequency of the heat wave to which the detector is tuned (locked) is important. Heat waves are diffusion waves that yield a quadratic dependence on time for the observation of indications at a certain depth of the test object. For thin-walled PMC shells (a few millimeters) this does not constitute a severe limitation (157). Limited operating temperature, pronounced temperature-dependent properties, and thermal degradation may pose limits on the application of active thermography to polymers and PMC. A recent example of a possible application of active thermography in PMC is the determination of the fiber orientation of CFRP (158) that, in the future, may replace the conventional destructive methods. 

Another remarkable feature measured in CeCu is the temperature dependence of the plasma resonance cUp of the heavy quasiparticles, which has been found near 150meV at 5 K and from which the quasiparticle concentration and the eflTective mass has been deduced (with the help of the y value). We show in fig. 143 the plasma frequencies obtained from the optical data at different temperatures. The value at 1.4 K (the asterisk) has been reported from millimeter-wave data from Beyermann et al. (1988) and has a value of about 200 meV, which agrees quite reasonably with our 150 meV It is remarkable that the plasma frequency preserves practically the same small value up to a temperature of about 20 K. This is in contrast with what one expects from a simple Kondo model where the characteristic temperature for the formation of a resonant state has been estimated to be between 3 and 6K (Satoh et al. 1985, Steglich et al. 1985, Onuki et al. 1984). Up to room temperature the plasma frequency continuously shifts to 2-3 eV, which means that... 

A very unusual characteristic of mesophase pitch is the extreme dependency of its viscosity on temperature [19,34,35]. This factor has a profound influence on the melt-spinning process (described above), as a mesophase pitch fiber will achieve its final diameter within several millimeters of the face of the spinnerette, in sharp contrast to most polymeric fibers. 

The pressure exerted by a column of mercury depends on its density, which varies slightly with temperature. To get around this ambiguity, the torr was defined to be the pressure exerted by 1 mm of mercury at certain specified conditions, notably 0°C. Over time, the unit torr has become a synonym for millimeter of mercury. Throughout this text, we will use millimeter of mercury rather than torr because the former has a clearer physical meaning. 

Thus, the elementary cellular structure could be regarded as an intrinsic characteristic of fhe detonation in a mixture at given initial composition, temperature, and pressure. The dimension of X is of fhe order of magnitude of millimeters or less for gaseous mixfures with oxygen, but several centimeters for less sensitive mixtures (even larger, for methane/air af afmospheric pressure). It decreases when the initial pressure increases. Its variation with the initial temperature is more complicated and depends on the value of fhe reduced activation energy of fhe chemical reactions. The value of... 

Particle Temperature Overshoot. The temperature of the burning char particles will run hotter than that of the bed by amounts that depend upon particle size, reactivity, bed temperature. It is determined in part by the heat released at the particle surface due to reaction and in part to the additional heat released by carbon monoxide oxidation near the particle surface (54-58). Measurements for 1.8 to 3.2 millimeter size coke particles burning in a fluidized band of sand at 1173 K increased from the bed temperature at low oxygen concentrations to values 150 to 200 K above the bed temperature for oxygen concentrations approaching that of air (72). Estimation of this temperature rise is important for purposes of evaluating the NO/C reaction and also for prediction of the burnout times of fines. 

D nanoribbons and nanowires of different metal-containing Pcs have also been prepared by organic vapor-phase deposition (OVPD), a technique used to fabricate organic millimeter-sized crystals, thin films, or nanostructures [211], Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TEM, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and absorption measurement studies have revealed that the morphology of the nanostructures was strongly dependent on the chemical nature of the deposited macrocycle, the nature and the temperature of the substrate, and the source-to-substrate distance. 

The pressure to which a fluid height corresponds depends on the density of the fluid, which depends on its identity and temperature, and on the local acceleration of gravity. Thus the ton is the pressure equivalent of 1 millimeter of hiercury at 0°C in a standard gravitational field and is equal to 133.322 Pa. 

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