Middle Eastern states

The Middle East is perhaps the most volatile hot-spot in the world and has commanded much of America s diplomatic and military attention since the late 1960s. The series of full-scale wars between Israel and its neighbors have, of course, been a predominant concern, but so too has the development of numerous terrorist organizations, some of them sponsored by Middle Eastern states. 

Israel cannot be ignored altogether, although many discussions do just that. But whether or not Israel has the nuclear weapons usually accredited to her, she is unlikely to be a proliferator. She acquired the necessary materials and skills for her weapons program well before the NPT became the cynosure of arms control treaties that it is today. Her existence as a presumed weapons state is a serious lump of grit in an otherwise smooth system. It causes not only oceans of rhetoric, but also misplaced ambitions by other Middle Eastern states to match this presumed status, and is thus a weakness in the NPT system. Whether it is a direct threat to it is less clear. 

Greig, R.A., D.R. Wenzloff, A. Adams, B. Nelson, and C. Shelpuk. 1977. Trace metals in organisms from ocean disposal sites of the middle eastern United States. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 6 395-409. 

The period 1966-7 was one of consolidation. The Committee had received considerable support for and re-emphasised all their previous recommendations. Between 1964 and 1967 the Committee received representatives from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and many European and Far and Middle Eastern countries, as well as from Canada and the United States, to study its methods. 

Greig RA, Jones J. 1976. Nondestructive neutron activation analysis of marine organisms collected from ocean dump sites of the middle eastern United States. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 4(4) 420-434. 

Crude oil production for various countries is shown in Fig. 18.2.2 The Middle Eastern countries produce more oil than they consume the extra production is gated for export. Conversely, the United States and Western Europe consume much more crude oil than they produce (Fig. 18.3).2 This condition demonstrates the great importance of worldwide petroleum movements. The difference between production and consumption for any... 

In the United States, fluid mixtures account for more than 20 percent of the total fertilizer sales. To a lesser extent, fluid mixtures have been introduced into Europe, North America, and South America. Fluid mixtures are used on high-value crops in some middle eastern countries, particularly Israel, where efficient use of water is as important as the efficient use of plant nutrients. 

Pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) is native to the United States but has also been naturalized for commercial pecan production throughout the world, including Australia, South Africa, and several middle eastern and South America countries (33). Fat is the predominant constituent in all pecan varieties, ranging from 65% to 75% (w/w) (1, 33, 34). Other constituents include 13.9% carbohydrate, 9.1% protein, 3.5% water, and 1.5% ash (w/w) (1). The predominant fatty acids present in pecan oil are oleic (55%), linoleic (33%), linolenic (2%), palmitic (7%), and stearic (2%) acids (Table 4) (34). The most predominant tocol in pecan oil was y-tocopherol (176mg/kg), followed by ot-tocopherol (lOmg/kg), and then 5- and p-tocopherols (6.2mg/kg) (1). Pecan oil also contains 0.73 g/kg phytosterols that exist primarily as (3-sitosterol (around 90%) (1). 

Many attempts were also made in Eastern states to establish vineyards and to found an Eastern wine industry, procedure being much along the same lines as those tried successfully in California. Unfortunately, European grapes will not flourish in these sections of the United States and all such attempts ended in disaster. About the middle of the last century Nicholas Long-worth, Sr., experimented with the native Catawba grape in Ohio... 

Many cases of lead poisoning result from unusual sources of lead, including indoor firing ranges cosmetics from outside the United States homemade wine artist s paint Hispanic, Asian, and Middle Eastern folk and herbal remedies and aphrodisiacs (Ackerman et al. 1982 Chiba et al. 1980 Gosselin et al. 1984 Graham et al. 1981 Lane and Lawrence 1961 Levitt et al. 1983 Nriagu 1992 Royce and Needleman 1995). 

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