Microstructure studies transmission electron microscopy

Thiel, B.L., Kunkel, D.D., Viney, C. Physical and chemical microstructure of spider dragline a study by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Biopolymers 34 1089-1097, 1994. 

The crystallization of glassy Pd-Ni-P and Pd-Cu-P alloys is complicated by the formation of metastable crystalline phaf s [26]. The final (stable) crystallization product consists of a mixture of a (Pd,Ni) or (Pd,Cu) fee solid solution and more than one kind of metal phosphide of low crystallographic symmetry. Donovan et al. [27] used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray microanalysis to study the microstructure of slowly cooled crystalline Pd4oNi4oP2o- They identified the compositions of the metal phosphides to be Pd34Ni45P2j and Pdg8Ni[4Pjg. 

The picture of cement microstructure that now emerges is of particles of partially degraded glass embedded in a matrix of calcium and aluminium polyalkenoates and sheathed in a layer of siliceous gel probably formed just outside the particle boundary. This structure (shown in Figure 5.17) was first proposed by Wilson Prosser (1982, 1984) and has since been confirmed by recent electron microscopic studies by Swift Dogan (1990) and Hatton Brook (1992). The latter used transmission electron microscopy with high resolution to confirm this model without ambiguity. 

FIG. 1.13 Spherical and cubic model particles with crystalline or amorphous microstructure (a) spherical zinc sulfide particles (transmission electron microscopy, TEM, see Section 1.6a.2a) x-ray diffraction studies show that the microstructure of these particles is crystalline (b) cubic lead sulfide particles (scanning electron microscopy, SEM, see Section 1.6a.2a) (c) amorphous spherical particles of manganese (II) phosphate (TEM) and (d) crystalline cubic cadmium carbonate particles (SEM). (Reprinted with permission of Matijevic 1993.)... 

The microstructure of several of these thin films was studied extensively, using Transmission Electron Microscopy (T.E.M.). These T.E.M. observations together with X-ray Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (E.D.S.) as well as usual X-ray spectra show that the films are highly homogeneous and have essentially a single YBCO (123) phase. 

M. Natan, S.W. Duncan. Microstructure and growth kinetics of CrSi2 on Si 100 studied using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy // Thin Solid Films. -1985.-V.123, No.l.-P.69-85. 

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for analysing the crystal structure since information on both microstructures and diffractograms for local areas in film specimens can be obtained. There are already relevant reviews concerning Ill-nitrides grown on GaAs and other cubic substrates [1-4]. In this Datareview, therefore, studies on GaN/GaAs with TEM work are summarised with reference to the phase selection of h-GaN and c-GaN, the heterointerface and defects. 

Three diblock copolymers of cis-1,4 polyisoprene (IR) and 1,4-polybutadiene (BR) have been studied in dynamic mechanical experiments, transmission electron microscopy, and thermomechanical analysis. The block copolymers had molar ratios of 1/2, 1/1, and 2/1 for the isoprene and butadiene blocks. Homopolymers of polybutadiene and polyisoprene with various diene microstructures also were examined using similar experimental methods. Results indicate that in all three copolymers, the polybutadiene and polyisoprene blocks are essentially compatible whereas blends of homopolymers of similar molecular weights and microstructures were incompatible. 

S.-F. Chuang, S. D. Collins, and R. L. Smith, Porous silicon microstructure as studied by transmission electron microscopy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 55(15), 1540, 1989. 

We will illustrate this method by studies led on powders of zirconia nanociystals. The diffraction pattern shown in Figure 6.9 was obtained with a zirconia aerogel as the sample, produced by drying a precursor gel of zirconia in supercritical conditions [SIL 96, SIL 97, LEC 98]. A qualitative illustration of this material s microstructure, obtained by transmission electron microscopy, is shown in Figure 6.10. 

As a result of this, microtomed blends were studied under the transmission electron microscopy mode to provide a more accurate description of the microstructure in this compositional range. The thin sections were mildly doped (stained) with iodine to provide the requisite phase contrast and moderate conductivity to avoid charging effects. Figure 3 is a representation transmission electron micrograph obtained from such a specimen. 

Blending of polyacetylene with polybutadiene provides an avenue for property enhancement as well as new approaches to structural studies. As the composition of the polyacetylene component is increased, an interpenetrating network of the polymer in the polybutadiene matrix evolves from a particulate distribution. The mechanical and electrical properties of these blends are very sensitive to the composition and the nature of the microstructure. The microstructure and the resulting electrical properties can be further influenced by stress induced ordering subsequent to doping. This effect is most dramatic for blends of intermediate composition. The properties of the blend both prior and subsequent to stretching are explained in terms of a proposed structural model. Direct evidence for this model has been provided in this paper based upon scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 

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