Microstructure design

All the different aspects of the processing and properties of superalloys, including monocrystals, are systematically set out in chapters of an impressive book (Tien and Caulfield 1989). The latest subtleties in the microstructural design of monocrystal superalloys are set out by Mughrabi and Tetzlaff (2000) among other new insights, it now appears that the optimum misfit between the two major phases is not exactly zero. 

Chou, T.W. (1992) Microstructural Design of Fiber Composites (Cambridge University Press. Cambridge). 

Figure 1. 50.31 MHz I3C NMR spectra of PVC (a) and two partially reduced PVC s, E-V-84 (b) and E-V-21 (c). Please note the table of E-V microstructural designations in the upper right-hand corner of the Figure, where 0,1 = CH2, CHC1 carbons. Resonances correspond to underlined carbons. The assignment of different stereosequences is given in reference 2.

Norton, I.T, Frith, W.J. (2001). Microstructure design in mixed biopolymer composites. Food Hydrocolloids, 15, 543-553. 

As a consequence of the large diversity of microstructures which can adjusted by microstructural design, Si3N4 ceramics are a whole class of materials with an inherent large variety of properties and therefore a large variety of potential applications (Sect. 10). Different qualities depend on amount and distribution of the microstructural features (Sect. 6.1.4). Often small variations have severe... 

Lewis HM (1993) Sialons and Silicon Nitrides Microstructural Design and Performance. In Chen IW, Becher PF, Mitomo M, Petzow G, Yen TS (eds) Silicon Nitride Ceramics - Scientific and Technological Advances, Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 287, MRS, Pittsburgh, p 159... 

Manurung, P. (2001) Microstructural design and characterisation of alumina/aluminium titanate composites. Ph.D Thesis, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. 

The attraction of reinforcing ceramic matrices with particles or whiskers is that, with appropriate microstructural design and property tailoring, materials with property combinations not possible in monolithic ceramics can be obtained. In addition, the materials remain effectively isotropic and can be manufactured by well-established techniques already in use for the manufacture of monolithic ceramics (Hansson and Warren, 2000). 

Ellen, Y.S. etal. (1998), Microstructural design of silicon nitride with improved fracture toughness II, Effects of yttria and alumina additives , J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81(11), 2831-40. 

Zhang, Y. and Cheng, Y.-B. (2003), Microstructural design of Ca a-sialon ceramics effects of starting compositions and processing conditions , J. Euro. Ceram. Soc., 23 (9), 1531-41. 

These are just a few among other examples of microstructured designs which are discussed in detail in the next two chapters. More information about these micro-mixer designs can be obtained from reviews, e.g. [60-66],... 

In addition to grouping the mixers according to their mixing principles and their generic microstructure designs, a practically oriented classification refers to the complexity of the fluid network [25], So-called in-plane mixers rely on streams which are divided and mixed in a fluid network confined to one level (i.e. a pattern that can be projected on to a single plane) [25], In turn, out-of-plane mixers rely on a... 

Thus far, the discussion has assumed that the materials engineer has a desired micro-stmcture in mind. But how is it known which microstructure is optimal for a given application Microstructure design is an emerging field that focuses on producing microstructures that meet, or exceed, specified macroscale properties or performance criteria. This requires a combination of empirical techniques, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulation. A complicating factor has always been the enormous number... 

Silicon nitride ceramics are one of the most promising materials for structural applications. The properties of the silicon nitride ceramics depend on the phases present and their microstructures. This paper describes how to approach microstructural design of these materials by using the phase equilibrium diagrams of silicon nitride-metal oxide systems. 

Figure 5-9 Simple cross-t microstructure design on chips used for electrophoretic separation.

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