Microstructure and piezoelectricity

MICROSTRUCTURE AND PIEZOELECTRICITY IN POLY (VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) FILMS... 

Microstructure and Nanoscale Piezoelectric/Ferroelectric Properties in Ln2Ti207 (Ln = Lanthanide) Thin Films with Layered Perovskite Structure... 

R., Chambrier, M.-H., Roussel, P and Desfeux, R. (2014) Microstructure and nanoscale piezoelectric/ferroelectric properties in Ln2Ti20y (Ln=La, Pr and Nd) oxide thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Thin Solid Films, 553, 71-75. 

Microstructure and nanoscale piezoelectric/ferroelectric properties in La2Ti207 thin films grown on (110)-oriented doped Nb SrTi03 substrates. Adv. Eng. Mater., 13 (10), 961-969. 

Because of the highly anisotropic nature of the microstructure and oriented macrodipoles along the thiekness direetion in films, the piezoeleetric 33 eoefficient in ferroeleetrets is normally two orders of magnitude larger than other piezoeleetric coefficients, such as d- and d 2- Therefore, d- -i value is the most important parameter for characterization of piezoelectric effect in ferroeleetrets. Table 1 lists some commonly used techniques in literature for measuring piezoelectric da coefficients in ferroeleetrets. The dj,j, value is given by... 

Ribeiro, C., Correia, D.M., Ribeiro, S., Sencadas, V., Botelho, G., Lanceros-Mendez, S., 2015a. Piezoelectric poly(vinyhdene fluoride) microstructure and poling state in active tissue engineering. Eng. Life Sci. 15 (4), 351-356 (Review). 

The statics and dynamics of microstructures are governed by the forces that create or maintain them. Rarely can the forces be measured directly. But forces between special surfaces immersed in fluid can now be accurately gauged at separations down to 0.1 nm with the direct force measurement apparatus, an ingenious combination of a differential spring, a piezoelectric crystal, an interferometer, and crossed cyhndrical surfaces covered by atomically smooth layers of cleaved mica (Figure 9.4). This recent development is finding more and more applications in research on liquid and semiliquid microstructures, thin films, and adsorbed layers. 

Piezoelectric materials have a variety of commercial applications, and a large number of such materials are known. To examine such materials in thin-film form, highly textured crystalline thin films are likely to be needed, so microstructure control is therefore an issue. Screening approaches should be straightforward. 

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