Microorganisms taxonomy

The taxonomy of aerobic dibenzothiophene (DBT)-degrading microorganisms acting as biocatalysts, include the Nocardiaceae [27,126,197,277,291,292], inclusive of genera Rhodococcus and Nocardia, Mycobacteriaceae [30,31], and Bacillaceae [87,293], At first, R. rhodochrous ATCC 53968 was the main biocatalyst, but several other... 

The development of molecular techniques has opened up new perspectives for characterizing microorganisms from fermented foods and beverages. They provide outstanding tools for typing, taxonomy and evolution of bacteria in food processes (Giraffa and Neviani 2000 Germond et al. 2003). 

In addition, the analysis of the fatty acids in a complex lipid may provide a view of the nutritional and metabolic history of the microorganism (see also Section 16.1). Also, problems in bacterial taxonomy were solved based on fatty acid distribution, which was used as a fingerprint for different bacteria. 

With the expansion of the fields of microbial taxonomy and biochemistry, additional microorganisms have been identified which elaborate flavor and odor compounds. Table 2 compiles a few examples from the literature of microorganisms which produce odors in defined media. Most of these fermentations have been carried out only on small laboratory scale. In many studies the volatiles produced are not well characterized and little is known about the mechanism and pathways of biosynthesis. 

The debate over cosmopolitan vs. limited endemism in free-living microorganisms has mostly focused on the question of taxonomy defenders of cosmopolitanism are usually lumpers while defenders of endemism are usually splitters (see Finlay et al., 2004 and answer by Mitchell and Meisterfeld, 2005 for an example). Recent developments in taxonomy and especially in molecular taxonomy have provided several examples showing that the splitters may be right and that we have even underestimated the true diversity of testate amoebae (Lara et al., 2008). However, this debate is only one part of the whole story. Several other important factors influence the distribution of free-living microorganisms and all of these suffer from a clear lack of data or conceptual framework ... 

The use of analytical pyrolysis for biomedical taxonomy was proposed by Zemany in 1952. A single strain of an unidentified microorganism was used in fundamental studies of pyrolysis temperatures and residence times by Oyama in 1963. The first comprehensive work was that of Reiner, who used pyrolysis-GC in... 

In this approach all DB strains are classified in accordance with the established taxonomy of prokaryotic microorganisms where similar bacterial strains are grouped into species while gronpings of very similar species form genera. These species/genus levels in the taxonomic position within the classification scheme is reflected in the binomial name of bacteria. However, gronpings do not stop at this... 

Section I, Grape and Wine Microorganisms, describes those microorganisms found in grape must, juice, and wines namely yeasts, lactic and acetic acid bacteria, and molds. Here, taxonomy, metabolism, nutritional requirements, and potential impacts on wine quality are areas of focus. 

Holzapfel, W.H., Haberer, P., Geisen, R., Bjorkroth, J., and Schiflinger, U. 2001. Taxonomy and important features of probiotic microorganisms in food and nulritiotL Am J Clin Nutr 73(2), 365S-373S. 

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