Microfluidic chips layout

Figure 12.8 Strategy for the detection of class-selective isoflavone indexes on the microfluidic chip layout (a) and scheme of the lab-made SWPTE (b). RB running buffer reservoir, SR sample reservoir, SW sample waste reservoir, and ED electrochemical detection cell. (Adapted with permission from Ref [55], Copyright The Royal Society of Chemistry)...

Figure 2. Concq)t of differential manipulation in a single bovine capillary endothelial cell using multiple laminar flows, (a, b). Chip layout 300 x 50 pm channels are used to create laminar interfaces between hquids from different inlets, (c) Fluorescence image of a cell locally exposed to red and green fluorophores in a laminar flow, (d) Migration of fluorophores over time (scale bars, 25 pm). This shows the high potential for accurate spatial control and separation of hquids achievable in microfluidic laminar flows. (Adapted by permission from Macmillan Pubhshers, Ltd Nature [29], copyright 2001.)...

A stand-alone microfluidic-MS platform that enabled us to survey protein expression at the global level and to identify a panel of five cancer-specific biomarkers was developed. The microfluidic chip comprised a series of functional elements that facilitated data-dependent LC-ESI-MS-MS analysis. The chip had a stand-alone configuration to favor the fabrication of multiplexed layouts for high-throughput investigations. 

FIGURE 47.7 Layout of the microfluidic chip including running buffer reservoir (1), eluent buffer reservoir (2), sample reservoir (3), sample waste reservoir (4), washing reservoirs (5,6) and waste reservoir (7) and electropherograms of human serum albumin detected above (a) and below the affinity monolith column with immobilized Pisum sativum agglutinin (b). (Reprinted with permission from Mao, X., et al.. Anal. Chem., 76, 6941, 2004. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.)... 

The first microfluidic chip with a porous membrane for the preconcentration of a biological sample was presented by Khandurina et al. in 1999. In this experiment, they demonstrated preconcentration of DNA samples. The channels were etched into a glass substrate and bonded to a cover plate using a silicate solution as an adhesive. The chip layout used in this experiment is presented in Figure 50.30. 

Nanofluidic Altering is based on an electrokinetic trapping mechanism enabled by recent advances in nanochannel fabrication. A nanofluidic filter consists of two microfluidic channels bridged by buffer-filled nanochannels which act hke an ion-selective membrane. The technique is a relatively new technique which has a demonstrated potential for sample enrichment. A schematic chip layout of a nanofluidic Alter is given in Figure 50.36. 

Microfluidk Same-Single-Cell Analysis, Fig. 3 Layout of the microfluidic chip, (a) The schematics of the microfluidic chip consisting of three solution reservoirs and a cell retention structure, with dimensions shown in microns, (b) An image of the microchip filled... 

Fig. 2 Layout of microfluidic chip for simultaneous synthesis and separation of dipeptide...

Figure 1 Layouts of a microfluidic chip combining mixing and reaction zones (capillary system connecting resen/oirs 1-5) with an integrated electrophoretic separation system (reservoirs 6 and 7).

For every microfluidic chip design, however, the process conditions vary slightly. Geometry of the structures is an important factor that includes feature size, aspect ratio, radius of curvature, and whether the structure is freestanding or connected, and can significantly influence the process parameters. Layout properties of the design, such as the distribution of large and small features over the wafer area and the total wafer area to be processed, also must be considered. 

Fluidic manipulation in conjunction with the high compatibility of ED with microfabrication techniques is crucial to understand the next step towards new designs for electrochemical sensors based on microfluidic chips. In consequence, at this stage, we need to realize that sensor platforms are the new approach to understanding the classic view of sensors a more complicated layout of channels where fluidic motion is produced and where detection systems are also integrated. 

FIGURE 10.6 Schematic drawings of a lab-on-a-chip system. (Top) Multisensor chip consists of pH, p02, and conductivity (impedance) electrodes incorporated in a microfluidic cell. (Bottom) The layout of electrodes on the chip. (Reproduced from [91], with permission from Elsevier.)... 

The simple geometric metering scheme shown in Fig. 11.4 has been used to develop a highly efficient microfluidic device for protein crystallization in ultra-small volume reactions. The crystallization chip implements 144 simultaneous metering and mixing reactions while consuming only 3.0 pL of protein solution. A layout of the chip (Fig. 11.5) shows 48 reaction centers (Fig. 11.4), each consisting of three pairs of microfluidic reaction chambers with relative volumes of 1 4, 1 1 and 4 1. 

FIGURE 41.2 Step-by-step procedure of the direct-printing process for (a) STL and (b) DTL. (I) Polyester film (II) printed layout over the PET film (HI) printed layout with aligned cover [blaiik polyester in (a), or printed mirror image in (b)] containing holes for accessing the microfluidic network (IV) laminated STL and DTL chips and (V) microdevices with solution reservoirs. In this scheme, the toner layer and the reservoirs glued on polyester film are depicted by A and B, respectively. 

Fig. 3.3 Active microfluidic transport system with integrated components for optical sensing based on ECL a completed chip b planar layout of the entire system c magnified view of the mixing area showing electrodes for the transport, mixing, and generation of the ECL. The dimensions of the chip are 14 x 20 mm. W.E., working electrode R.E., reference electrode A.E., auxiliary electrode (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [17]. Copyright 2006 Elsevier B.V)...

Figure 7,3 Coupling chip-based free-flow electrophoresis nanoESI-MS. (a) Layout of a microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis-MS chip (I = left), (b) The analysis principle. The separated analytes are directed towards the mass spectrometric outlet by alteration of the buffer s hydrodynamic flow. Arrows indicate relative flow rates and the rectangle ( ) labels the area visualized by fluorescence imaging [46]. Reproduced from Benz, C., Boomhoff, M., Appun, j., Schneider, C., Beider, D. (2015) Chip-based Tree-Flow Electrophoresis with Integrated Nanospray Mass-Spectrometry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54 2766-2770 with permission from lohn Wiley and Sons...

Microfluidics for Biochemical and Chemical Reactions, Figure 7 Layout of a PCR chip reported by [4]. (a) Schematic of a chip for flow-through PCR. 

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