Microbiological properties

Other environmental properties of interest are those that govern movement of chemicals, for these properties can influence not only the possibility of human exposure but also the lifetime and fate of the chemical. Clearly, if a nitrosamine is formed in, or introduced into, the soil and stays there, it presents little threat to man, and its lifetime will depend on the chemical or microbiological properties of the soil. If it should move to the surface and volatilize into the atmosphere, on the other hand, there will exist the possibility of human exposure via inhalation and also the possibility of vapor-phase photodecomposition. If a nitrosamine were to leach from soil into water, it could perhaps be consumed in drinking water alternatively, exposure of the aqueous solution to sunlight could provide another opportunity for photodecomposition. 

A number of basic criteria have been proposed for a microbiological property to be an indicator in monitoring soil pollution by heavy metals (Brookes, 1995) (1) The property needs to be accurately and precisely measurable across a wide range of soil types and soil conditions ... 

Potentially mineralizable C and N About 1-5% of organic C and total N Quantities of organic C and N released by indigenous soil microflora during a laboratory incubation. Values are the result of an integration of physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. Indicator of the N fertility of soils and their ability to supply N to crops. 

Keeney DR (1982) Nitrogen-availability indices. In Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (eds) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2 Chemical and microbiological properties. Am Soc Agron, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 711-733... 

Bamhisel, R., Bertsch, P. M., Aluminum, in Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological properties, ed. A. L. Page, Agronomy Monograph 9, ASA-SSSA, Madison, Wl, 1982, pp. 275-300, ASIN 0891180729. 

Soil microbiological properties after 12years of farming- relative results to conventional (=100%), DOC-triai... 

Baker DE, Amacher MC. 1982. Nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium. In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties - Agronomy Monograph no.9, 2nd ed. ASA-SSSA, Madison. 3323-336. 

A few papers concerning microbiological properties of some oxadiazoles have been published. 

Before process options can be selected, site characterization and feasibility studies must determine key chemical, physical, and microbiological properties of the site. The objectives of these initial studies are to identify rate-limiting factors for later field applications and to obtain kinetic and equilibrium data for process design. 

Klumpp, A., Hintemann, T., Santana Lima, J. and Kandeler, E. (2003) Bioindication of air pollution effects near a copper smelter in Brazil using mango trees and soil microbiological properties. Environmental Pollution, 126(3), 313-21. 

Garcfa-Gil, J. C., Plaza, C., Senesi, N., Brunetti, G., and Polo, A. (2004a). Effects of sewage sludge amendment on humic acids and microbiological properties of a semiarid Mediterranean soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils 39,320-328. 

Schnitzer, M. (1982). Organic matter characterization. In A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, eds., Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2- Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Agronomy Monograph 9, 2nd edn. Madison, WI American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, pp. 581-594. 

D.R. Keeney, in Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2—Chemical and Microbiological Properties ,... 

A. Van Schepdael, R. Busson, H. J. Vanderhaeghe, P. J. Claes, L. Verbist, M. P. Mingeot-Leclercq, R. Brasseur, and P. M. Tulkens,/. Med. Chem., 34,1483 (1991). New Derivatives of Kanamycin B Obtained by Combined Modifications in Positions 1 and 6". Synthesis, Microbiological Properties, and In Vitro and Computer-Aided Toxicological Evaluation. 

The above statement has lot of details in reference to what is a SIM The statement starts with method validation (refer to Chapter 9). Next, most methods need to be specific (specificity, resolution of active from related substances, peak purity), reproducible (precision), quantitative (recovery, linearity, LOD, LOQ), and able to monitor a change in chemical, physical, and/or microbiological properties of drug products over time (refer to sections on stability testing and mass balance). 

Black, C. A., ed., "Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties", Chapter 60, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1965. 

Acid-calalyzcd degradation in the stomach contributes strongly to the poor oral ab.sorplian of penicillin. Thus, efforts to obtain penicillins with improved pharmacokinetic and microbiological properties have foensed on acyl functionalities that would minimize. sensitivity of the j laclani ring to acid hydrolysis while maintaining antibacterial activity. 

Dahlin, S., Witter, E., Maartensson, A., Turner, A., and Baath, E. (1997). Where s the limit Changes in the microbiological properties of agricultural soils at low levels of metal contamination. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29, 1405-1415. 

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