Microbeam small angle x-ray scattering

In this chapter, we present in some detail gas adsorption techniques, by reviewing the adsorption theory and the analysis methods, and present examples of assessment of PSDs with different methods. Some examples will show the limitations of this technique. Moreover, we also focus on the use of SAXS technique for the characterization of porous solids, including examples of SAXS and microbeam small-angle x-ray scattering (pSAXS) applications to the characterization of activated carbon fibers (ACFs). We remark the importance of combining different techniques to get a complete characterization, especially when not accessible porosity exists. 

Muller M, Czihak C, Vogl G, Fratzl P, Schober H, and Riekel C. Direct observation of microfibril arrangement in a single native cellulose fiber by microbeam small-angle x-ray scattering. Macromolecules, 1998 31 3953-3957. 

Lozano-Castello D, Raymundo-Pinero E, Cazorla-Amoros D, Linares-Solano A, Muller M, and Riekel C. Characterization of pore distribution in activated carbon fibers by microbeam small angle x-ray scattering. Carbon, 2002 40 2727-2735. 

Microbeam small angle X-ray scattering ( SAXS) a novel technique for the characterization of activated carbon fibers. 

Lozano-CasteUo, D., Raymundo-Pinero, E., Cazorla-Amoros, D., et al. (2002). Microbeam small angle X-ray scattering (fJtSAXS) a novel technique for the characterization of activated carbon fibers. Stud. Surf. Sd. Catal., 144, 51—8. 

Roth, S.V. et al. (2003). Fatigue behaviour of industrial polymers - a microbeam small-angle X-ray scattering investigation, J. Appl. Cryst. Vol.36 (2003), pp.684-688... 

Stribeck N et al (2014) Studying nanostructure gradients in injection-molded polypropylene/ montmorillonite composites by microbeam small-angle X-ray scattering. Sci Tech Adv Mater 15(1) 015004... 

Hayashida, K., Kawashima, W., Takano, A. etal. (2006a) Archimedean tiling patterns of ABC star-shaped terpolymers studied by microbeam small-angle X-ray scattering. Macromolecules, 39,4869 872. 

Muller M, Czihak C, Burghammer M, and Riekel C. Combined x-ray microbeam small-angle scattering and fibre diffraction experiments on single native cellulose fibres. J. Appl. Crystallogr., 2000 33 817-819. 

G.44 Shuji Taira, ed. X-Ray Studies on Mechanical Behavior of Materials (Kyoto Society of Materials Science, Japan, 1974). A collaborative account by twenty-seven Japanese investigators of x-ray studies of phenomena affecting the strength of materials. X-ray stress measurements are described, as well as texture determination, line-broadening studies, microbeam methods, pseudo-Kossel patterns, small angle scattering, and x-ray topography. 

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