Micro-organisms classification

Micro-organisms, the major form of organisms for biotechnology, can be split into several groups based upon biochemical activity and structure. The basic classification of the protist is shown in Fig. 5.3. There are two major types, the Prokaryotes and the Eukaryotes and Table 5.4 illustrates the main distinguishing features between the two cell types. The major differences are reviewed in the following sections. 

The classification of pectic enzymes in general, their occurrence in higher plants and micro-organisms and the properties of pectic enzymes from some plants and food grade micro-organisms are described with special emphasis on their substrate specificity. Their technological roles and applications, also in combination with (hemi-)cellulases, in a variety of processes are discussed. Evidence is presented for the existence of a new type of pectic enzyme which acts specifically in the hairy regions of pectic substances. 

Orientation to the presence of heat is also a characteristic of many microorganisms so that they move along the temperature gradient to the most favourable temperature for optimum growth. A classification of micro-organisms may be made on the basis of the temperature ranges suitable for growth. Table 12.2 is an illustration of such a classification. 

From the practical point, the most important classification relates to safety, and several categories of micro-organisms can be defined depending on how dangerous they are and the level of containment required. 

It seems that with regard to trials aimed at establishing a relationship between the pit morphology and classification of the attack as MIC, the words of wisdom by Tatnall and Pope [14] can be better understood surface morphology relates to the chemistry at the metal surface, not to the presence or absence of micro-organisms . 

Essential and Nonessential Metals. It is well known that elements in the biological systems may vary a great deal in their concentration from organ to organ and from species to species, but for the purpose of this chapter, the following classification of elemental concentrations has been adopted (17) major, > 1% minor, 0.10-1% micro, 0.01-0.1% trace, 0.01-0.001% ultratrace, < 0.001%. Since total copper in the average, "standard man (18) is approximately 150 mg (2), its classification would fall between trace and ultratrace concentration. However, as is the case with any other element, what is a trace in one organ may be an ultratrace in another, but for serum copper concentration, which is about 100 /xg%, the definition of copper as an ultratrace metal by the above classification may not be justifiable. If the criteria of the "standard man is taken into account, however, the definition seems appropriate. 

POCs are composed of two or more phases. The matrix is the polyolefin with a continuous phase that surrounds the other phases. The filler could be a reinforcement material for the entire composite. The properties of the polyolefin composite are dependent upon the filler type (organic or inorganic), geometry (fiber, flake, particulate, or sphere), the type of matrix, and the size of filler (micro or nano). Figure 6.1 depicts a simple schematic classification of a polyolefin composite [28]. 

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