Michigan Basin

Landis MS, Vette AF, Keeler GJ. 2002. Atmospheric mercury in the Lake Michigan Basin influence of the Chicago/Gary urban area. Environ Sci Technol 36(13) 3000-3009. 

Figure 20.1 shows the number of Class I wells in the 1986 survey by state, divided into U.S. EPA regions, and also indicates the regulatory status of such wells in each state as of 1989. The map shows the heavy concentration of hazardous waste injection wells in three geologic basins Gulf Coast, Illinois Basin, and the Michigan Basin.1 3 ... 

The maximum salinities in the Tertiary section of the Gulf of Mexico basin (the most extensively used strata for deep-well injection) reach almost four times that of seawater. The Michigan basin has the highest salinity, reaching 400,000 mg/L TDS, more than 11 times that of seawater. In Florida, however, where seawater circulates through the Floridan aquifer, maximum salinities tend to be controlled by the salinity of the seawater.79... 

Kaufmann RS, Frape SK, McNutt R, Eastoe C (1993) Chlorine stable isotope dishibution of Michigan Basin formation waters. Applied Geochem 8 403-407... 

The minimum, maximum, mean, and median m-cresol concentrations for 2 unremarked ambient surface water data points are 16.0, 23.0, 19.5, and 16.0 pg/L (STORET 1989). m-Cresol was detected with a frequency of occurrence of 0.9% in surface water (CLPSD 1988). In addition, m-cresol was listed as a contaminant of the St. Joseph River in the Lake Michigan Basin (Great Lakes Water Quality Board 1983). m-Cresol was detected in freshwater samples from Spirit Lake, Washington, on August 7, 1980 at unreported concentrations (McKnight et al. 1982). 

Devonian Shales. The large eastern Devonian gas shales resource base underlies approximately 174,000 square miles (453,000 km2) of the eastern U.S. Estimates of recoverable gas range from 2 to 15% of the gas m place. Natural gas has been produced from these shales for decades. Well production rates are relatively low, but after the first few years of production it does not usually decline rapidly with time. A major constraint to present-day exploitation has been the extraordinary inability to predict with confidence the gas production rates that may be obtained in wells drilled outside the traditional production areas. Presently, the GRI is studying the systematics of historically successful fields, including the Appalachian, Illinois, and Michigan Basins. 

Chemical Considerations in Planning Pollution Induced Climate Modification in the Lake Michigan Basin. 

USA Indiana Dugger Formation Danville Member 2 bituminous samples USA Michigan Basin Michigan 3 bituminous coals... 

If substantial arsenic is present in a sandstone or conglomerate, it may occur in hematite or other iron (oxy)(hydr)oxide cements or coatings on mineral grains. Arsenic may also be enriched in sandstones, conglomerates, and other clastic sedimentary rocks if hydrothermal or other secondary sulfide minerals are present (e.g. St. Peter Sandstone, (Gotkowitz et al., 2001) arsenian pyrite cement in the Marshall Sandstone of the Michigan Basin, USA, (Kolker et al., 2000 Szramek, Walter and McCall, 2004)). Sections of the St. Peter Sandstone in eastern Wisconsin, USA, are enriched in sulfide minerals and contain about 500 mg kg-1 of arsenic. In contrast, unmineralized portions typically have <10 mg kg-1 (Gotkowitz et al., 2001). If present in sedimentary rocks, hydrothermal sulfide deposits often tend to concentrate in veins and faults more than the rock matrices. 

Pesticide Lake Erie Basin Lake Michigan Basin Lake Superior Basin Ontario... 

Source USDA/NASS 1994-1995 annual reports as summarized in http //www.epa.gov/ reg5rcra/ptb/pest/documents/pest se.pdf. Lake Erie Basin includes Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Lake Michigan Basin includes Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Lake Superior Basin includes Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Data for Ontario are for the whole province, for 1998 [26]... 

Graf D. L., Meents W. F., and Shimp N. F. (1966) Chemical composition and origin of saline formation waters in the Illinois and Michigan basins. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 87. 

Wilson T. P. and Long D. T. (1993) Geochemistry and isotope chemistry of Ca-Na-Cl brines in Silurian strata, Michigan Basin, USA. Appl. Geochem. 8, 81-100. 

Das N., Horita J., and Holland H. D. (1990) Chemistry of fluid inclusions in halite from the Salina Group of the Michigan Basin implications for Late Silurian seawater and the origin of sedimentary brines. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 319-327. 

Hydrogeologic framework of the Michigan Basin Regional Aquifer System U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1418, 47 p. 

Smith, G.L., Byers, C.W. Dott, R.H. (1993) Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician Prairie Du-Chien Group on the Wisconsin Arch and in the Michigan Basin. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 7, 49-67. 

Table II. Estimated Resources of Shale Oil Recoverable by the HYTORT Process in the Appa-lachian, Illinois and Michigan Basin Areas...

The depositional history of Devonian black shales in the Appalachian, Illinois, and Michigan Basins is still a subject of academic argument it is complicated by the fact that organic matter in marine sediments can be preserved in a number of depositional environments which share a common and necessary requirement of little or no oxygen (11). 

Applied to the Michigan Basin in east-west cross section, the "lower black" shale (A) represents the Antrim Shale of western Michigan and that part of the eastern Antrim Shale identified by Subunits 1A, IB, 1C and 2. The "green-gray" facies (C) is the Ellsworth Shale, and the "upper black" (B) is represented by all Antrim Shale above Unit 2 and below the base of the Bedford Shale. The uniformity of the lower beds of the Antrim Shale has been noted by several others (20, 23), and a westward source for the Ellsworth has been postulated by several (20, 23-25) Nevertheless, the westward source seems more applicable to those beds above the western Antrim Shale, i.e., above the beds termed "lower black" in this paper. 

The pulses of increased clastic influx reflect tectonic activity, as has been suggested by Ettensohn and Barron (30, 31), but with the addition of a northwestern landmass to provide material west of the general line of the Algonquin and Cincinnati Arches. These pulses are represented by the upper wedges (B/C). Between pulses, there was widespread deposition of the "lower black" (A) type of shales which, for the lower Antrim and lower Sunbury equivalents, were little influenced by arches. The southwestern source suggested by Ettensohn and Barron for the Appalachian Basin (30) seems very plausible for the "lower black" shales (A) of the Illinois and Michigan Basins as well. 

Ells, G. D., "Stratigraphic Cross Sections Extending From Devonian Antrim Shale to Mississippian Sunbury Shale in the Michigan Basin," U.S. DOE Report No. FE-2346-30, 1978. 

Taylor, T.R.. Sibley, D.F. (1986) Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of dolomite types and the origin of ferroan dolomite in the Trenton Formation, Ordovician, Michigan Basin, USA. Sedimentology, 33, 61-86. 

Taylor Sibley (1986) Trenton Fm. Ordovician Michigan Basin, Ontario Yes 10 - -... 

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