Meyerhof, Otto

The first metabolic pathway elucidated was the glycolytic pathway during the first half of the 20 century by Embden and Meyerhof. Otto Warburg, Cori and Parnas also made very important contributions relating to glycolytic pathway. Krebs established the citric acid and urea cycles during 1930-40. In 1940, Lipmarm described the central role of ATP in biological systems. 

Meyerhof, Otto Friti (1884-1951) German-born American biochemist whose work on muscle physiology showed that lactic acid was produced from muscle glycogen during muscle contraction in anaerobic conditions. He also showed that the utilization of glucose as a fuel in living cells involved a cyclic biochemical pathway. For these discoveries, he received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1922. 

All overview of the glycolytic pathway is presented in Figure 19.1. Most of the details of this pathway (the first metabolic pathway to be elucidated) were worked out in the first half of the 20th century by the German biochemists Otto Warburg, G. Embden, and O. Meyerhof. In fact, the sequence of reactions in Figure 19.1 is often referred to as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. 

Archibald V. Hill and Otto F. Meyerhof Physiology/Medicine Chemistry of muscle contraction... 

The glycolytic pathway was the first major metabolic sequence to be elucidated. Much of the definitive work was done in the 1930s by the German biochemists, Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Otto Warburg. Because of their contributions the alternative name, Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is sometimes used for the glycolytic pathway. 

Otto Meyerhof (Germany) (Nobel Prize, Medicine, 1922, aerobic glycolysis processes) Otto Meyerhof (glycolytic intermediates) (Germany, Nobel Prize, Physiology/ Medicine, 1922 with Archibald Hill (UK), metabolism)... 

Kresge, N., Simoni, R.D., Hill, R.L. (2005) Otto Eritz Meyerhof and the Elucidation of the Glycolytic Pathway. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 124-126. 

Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884-195 ) was bom in Hanover, Germany, and received an M.D. from the University of Heidelberg. After holding several posts in Gerfnany, he fled to the United States in 1940 and became Research Professor at the University of Pennsylvania. He received the 7922 Nobel Prize for medicine for his work on the relationship between oxygen uptake and lactic acid metabolism in muscles. 

He discovered and measured heat production associated with nerve impulses and analyzed physical and chemical changes associated with nerve excitation, among other studies. In 1922 he won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (with otto meyerhof) for work on chemical and mechanical events in muscle contraction, such as the production of heat in muscles. This research helped establish the origin of muscular force in the breakdown of carbohydrates while forming lactic acid in the muscle. 

From 1917 to 1922 he was educated at the Universities of Koenigsberg, Berlin, and Munich, where he studied medicine and received a M.D. degree in 1924 at Berlin. In 1926 he was an assistant in Otto Meyerhof s laboratory at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Berlin, and received a Ph.D. in 1927. He then went with Meyerhof to Heidelberg to conduct research on the biochemical reactions occurring in muscle. 

The Institute originally consisted of departments of chemistry, physiology, physics, and pathology. It was renamed Max Planck Institut in 1950. Otto Meyerhof the biochemist, and Walter Bothe the nuclear physicist, both Nobel prize winners, headed departments for many years. 

This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 394/03, 771/01 and 446/01) and by the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel. Additional support was provided by the Otto Meyerhof Center for Biotechnology, established by the Minerva Foundation, (Munich, Germany). 

Otto Meyerhof, Jakub Pamas, Otto WUrburg, Carl Neuber, and others I 0jvind Winge discovers that diploid yeast cells come from haploid ascospores... 

From 1929 to 1931, Ochoa worked in Otto Meyerhof s laboratory in Heidelberg. To quote Ochoa Meyerhof was the teacher who most contributed towards my formation, and the most influential in directing my life s work . 

Severe Ochoa began his career as a biochemist not long after the discovery of the importance of the pyrophosphate bond in energy transduction. Lohmann, working in the laboratory of Severn s teacher Otto Meyerhof, discovered in 1929 what we now know as the central compound of bioenergetics—adenosine triphosphate. ... 

Thus from the time of their discovery the two coenzymes were considered to be concerned with fundamentally different processes DPN was regarded as the coenzyme of fermentation (in 1918 Otto Meyerhof showed that the same coenzyme was required for lactic acid production in muscle extracts), whereas TPN was considered to be the coenzyme of respiration. It was expected, therefore, that a link would eventually be found between TPNH and the cytochrome system (Fig. 1). David Keilin and E. F. Hartree > had shown... 

Severo Ochoa first entered my remembrance in September 1941, via his translation to Otto Meyerhof of the words and meaning of a five-tined fork award at a presocial evening in the now University of Wisconsin-Madison biochemistry lecture hall on Henry Mall. On that occasion, A Symposium on Respiratory Enzymes, many young Americans were exposed to the Meyerhof School, among others, and to exciting news on the processes of glycolysis and respiration. 

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