2-Methylpropane acidity

Acrylamide-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymers [40623-74-2]... 

Analogously, tnflic acid isomerizes n-butane into 2 methylpropane [80, 81] Interestingly, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, which is of similar strength as tnflic acid, does not catalyze the isomerization of n-butane [50]... 

Before beginning a detailed discussion of alkene reactions, let s review briefly some conclusions from the previous chapter. We said in Section 5.5 that alkenes behave as nucleophiles (Lewis bases) in polar reactions. The carbon-carbon double bond is electron-rich and can donate a pair of electrons to an electrophile (Lewis acid), for example, reaction of 2-methylpropene with HBr yields 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. A careful study of this and similar reactions by Christopher Ingold and others in the 1930s led to the generally accepted mechanism shown in Figure 6.7 for electrophilic addition reactions. 

The reaction of the imines, formed from 2-methylpropanal and (S )-a-methylbenzylamine with tert-butyl isocyanidc and benzoic acid under widely varied conditions, delivers the valine derivatives with only moderate diastcrcoselectivity (ratio of diastereomers less than 4 l)67. 

Some acrylic acid copolymers are promoted as having a very wide range of functions that permit them to act as calcium phosphate DCAs, barium sulfate antiprecipitants, particulate iron oxides dispersants, and colloidal iron stabilizers. One such popular copolymer is acrylic acid/sulfonic acid (or acrylic acid/ 2-acrylamido-methylpropane sulfonic acid, AA/SA, AA/AMPS). Examples of this chemistry include Acumer 2000 (4,500 MW) 2100 (11,000 MW) Belclene 400, Acrysol QR-1086, TRC -233, and Polycol 43. 

Nitro-2-methylpropane, 43, 89 N-Nitromorpholine, 43, 83 p-Nitroperoxybenzoic acid, 43, 96 p-Nitrophenacylamine, hydrochloride... 

Substitutions are very common synthetic reactions by their very nature they produce at least two products, one of which is commonly not wanted. As a simple example 2-chloro-2-methylpropane can be prepared in high yield by simply mixing 2-methylpropan-2-ol with concentrated hydrochloric acid (Scheme 1.10). Here the hydroxyl group on the alcohol is substituted by a chloride group in a facile SnI reaction. Whilst the byproduct in this particular reaction is only water it does reduce the atom economy to 83%. 

A formulation consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, and itaconic acid has been proposed [676]. Such polymers are used as fluid loss control additives for aqueous drilling fluids and are advantageous when used with lime- or gypsum-based drilling muds containing soluble calcium ions. 

Copolymer of Styrene with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid... 

N-vinyl acetamide, or dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, sodium vinyl sulfonate, and vinylbenzene sulfonate... 

Lignin, brown coal polymer of methacrylic acid, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, N-methylmeth-acrylamide, N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide, vinyl sulfonate, or 2-acrylamido-N-methylpropane sulfonic acid free radical polymerization of a water-soluble vinyl monomer in an aqueous suspension of coals [705,1847]... 

Anionic galactomannans, which are derived from guar gum, in which the hydroxyl groups are partially esterified with sulfonate groups that result from 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and l-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl sulfonic acid [1872], have been claimed to be suitable as thickeners. The composition is capable of producing enhanced viscosities, when used either alone or in combination with a cationic polymer and distributed in a solvent. 

Figure 17-4. Vinyl modifiers for guar gum 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 1 -allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl sulfonic acid.

The stereochemistry was controlled by Lewis acid-induced addition of these allylic silanes to aldehydes. The reaction of the silane with O-protected (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal provides 15. The silane reacted with the benzyl-protected analog to provide 16. 

Figure 19 Edrophonium chloride release from poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-co-butyl methacrylate) gel in distilled deionized water with various pulsatile electric currents. (From Ref. 45.)...

RAFT polymerization of two anionic acrylamido monomers sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonate, AMPS, and sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methyl-butanoate, AMBA, (Scheme 29) was conducted in water at 70 °C using 4,4/-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) as the initiator and 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate as the RAFT chain transfer agent [80]. The synthesis was initiated either from one monomer or the other leading to narrow molecular weight distributions in both cases (Mw/Mn < 1.2). 

Amino-a-methylbenzyl alcohol, a256 2-Amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, i88 2-Amino-2-methylpropane, b511... 

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