Methylmercury analysis

Krenkel PA, Burrow W, Dickinson W (1975) Standardization of methylmercury analysis. Report COM-75-10673... 

Vachhrajani KD, Chowdhury AR, Dutta KK. 1992. Testicular toxicity of methylmercury Analysis of cellular distribution pattern at different stages of the seminiferous epithelium. Reprod Toxicol 6(4) 355-361. 

Hintelmann H (1999) Comparison of different extraction techniques used for methylmercury analysis with respect to accidental formation of methylmercury during sample preparation. Chemosphere 39 1093-1105. 

Steam distillation Vacuum or steam distillation is a technique feasible for methylmercury extraction because of the relative volatility of methylmercury hydrides.The strong point of this technique is that efficient matrix separation is achieved, which is particularly important when analysing waters rich in organic matter. A detailed description of steam distillation for methylmercury analysis was published by Horvat, and recently an improved apparatus was introduced by Hintelmann. ... 

Quevauviller Ph (1998) Requirements for production and use of certified reference materials for speciation analysis a European Commission perspective. Spectrodiim Acta 536 1261-1279. Quevauviller Ph, and Horvat M (1999) Artifact formation of methylmercury in sediments. Anal Chem, Letter to the Editor 7i i55A-i56A. 

Wise SA, Schantz MM, Poster DL, Lopez de Alda MJ, and Sander LC (2000) Standard reference materials for the determination of trace organic constituents in environmental samples. In Barcelo D, ed. Sample Handling and Trace Analysis of Pollutants Techniques, Applications and Quality Assurance, pp 649-687. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Yoshinaga Y, Morita M, and Okamoto K (1997) New human hair certified reference material for methylmercury and trace elements. Fresenius J Anal Chem 357 279-283. 

Methylmercury has been preconcentrated from seawater by extraction with a solution of dithizone prior to analysis by gold foil cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry [126]. 

A second reduction step observed in this analysis is attributed to the reduction potential for the methylmercury cation CH3Hg+ ... 

Techniques for analysis of different mercury species in biological samples and abiotic materials include atomic absorption, cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry, gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Lansens etal. 1991 Schintu etal. 1992 Porcella etal. 1995). Methylmercury concentrations in marine biological tissues are detected at concentrations as low as 10 pg Hg/kg tissue using graphite furnace sample preparation techniques and atomic absorption spectrometry (Schintu et al. 1992). 

Workers at the Department of the Environment, UK [47], have described a procedure for the determination of methylmercury compounds in soils and sediments which involves extraction with a carbon tetrachloride solution of dithizone, reduction to elemental mercury then analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Fig. 13.8 Analysis of sterilized and unsterilized sediments from Hale Point, for methylmercury. Total mercury is 7.24 jg g 1. Results up to day 25 are the mean of eight determinations results beyond day 25 are the mean of four determinations. Error bars represent range limits for each analysis series. The samples were stored at room temperature (18°C), untreated o sterilized samples Source Reproduced with permission from McMillan Magazines [55]... 

This illustration shows how biomarker-based risk posed by methylmercury (5.8 pg/L as a blood equivalent of the RfD and 58 pg/L as a minimal effect concentration in human fish-eating populations, according to benchmark dose analysis) can be used directly to interpret population biomonitoring data. Pathway analyses conducted by others (Stern et al. 2001 Carrington... 

Uncontrolled species transformations during analysis form another source of error. For methylmercury determinations in sediments it was demonstrated that errors of up to 80% resulted from the formation of the compound from inorganic mercury during separation and analysis [28, 29], For the study of possible species transformations during analysis multiple isotope dilution could be used as a diagnostic tool for identifying the error and bias inherent in specific methods of storage, sample preparation and measurement [30, 31]. 

Decadt, G., W. Baeyens, D. Bradley, and L. Goeyens. 1985. Determination of methylmercury in biological samples by semiautomated headspace analysis. Anal. Chem. 57 2788-2791. 

Lansens, P. and W. Baeyens. 1990. Improvement of the semiautomated headspace analysis method for the determination of methylmercury in biological samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 228 93-99. 

Abuin, M., A.M. Cairo, and R.A. Lorenzo. 2000. Experimental design of a microwave-assisted extrac-tion-deiivatization method for the analysis of methylmercury. J. Chromatogr. A 889 185-193. 

Complexation of 8-azaadenine with methylmercury(II) hydroxide at different pH values gave the coordinated complexes 194-197. Their structures have been established by X-ray analysis (86ICA181) (Scheme 40). 

Methylmercury complexes of allopurinol (56) and l-methylpyrazolo[3,4-from aqueous solutions and characterized <87ICA181>. Copper complexes of allopurinol have also been prepared by reaction with copper salts and their structures were elucidated by x-ray crystal structural analysis <87ZN(B)195>. 

N. Demuth, K. G. Heumann, Validation of methylmercury determinations in aquatic systems by alkyl derivatization methods for GC analysis using ICP-IDMS, Anal. Chem., 73 (2001), 4020-4027. 

Young JF, Wosilait WD, Luecke RH. 2001. Analysis of methylmercury disposition in humans utilizing a PBPK model and animal pharmacokinetic data. J Toxicol Environ Health A 63 19-52. 

P. L. Schuller and H. Egan, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Methylmercury Compounds, A Review of Methods of Trace Analysis and Sampling with Special Reference to Food, FAO, Rome, 1976. 

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