Methylene violet staining

Smart, K. A. Chambers, K. M. Lambert, I. Jenkins, C. Use of methylene violet staining procedures to determine yeast viability and vitality. J. Am. Soc. Brewing Chem. 1999, 57, 18-23. 

The average viability (determined by methylene violet or methylene blue staining) of dried yeast is 20-30% lower than that of freshly propagated yeast. This problem can be accommodated by pitching according to viable cell numbers. 

Other Names C.I. 52041 Dimethylthionoline Methylene Violet Methylene Violet (biological stain) Methylene Violet Bernthsen NSC 187694 Merck Index Number Not listed Chemicai/Dye Class Phenothiazine... 

Tzung, C. Methylene Violet (Bernthsen), by zinc-alkali-chlorate hydrolysis of methylene blue. Stain Technol. 1964, 39, 351-358. 

Dutt, M. K. In situ absorption spectra of PAS and feulgen-positive substances stained with methylene violet. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1978,16, 253-254. 

Measurements show some variation depending upon the staining solution used and the method of application. In dried and fixed smears, the cell wall and slime layer do not stain with weakly staining dyes such as methylene blue but do stain with the intensely staining pararosaniline, new fuchsin, crystal violet, and methyl violet. The great majority of bacteria have been measured in fixed and stained preparations. In some instances dried, negatively stained smears have been used. Therefore, the method employed should be specified when measurements of bacteria are reported otherwise the results will be of doubtful v alue. 

One of the most commonly used staining procedures involves hematoxylin and eosin, but it was found that the dyes interfere with either the proteins or the MALDI process. As a consequence, the quality of the mass spectra is significantly compromised [54], When five other staining protocols (Terry s Polychrome, Toluidine Blue, Nuclear Fast Red, Cresyl Violet, and Methylene Blue) were compared to a control section (unstained tissue rinsed in 70% and 100% ethanol), Cresyl Violet and Methylene Blue had the highest degrees... 

The method can be quantitated by staining with methylene blue (see Appendix 5.3) or, as recommended by Gibco, by aspirating the medium and treating the cells at room temperature with 0.2% crystal violet in 10% formalin (buffered to pH 7.0 with 0.1 M sodium phosphate). After 20 min, remove the stain and wash the monolayer with distilled water. 

Direct staining of tumor cells. If the substrate on which tumor cells have been plated does not interfere too much with the staining procedure, giving an acceptable background (such as in the case when purified ECM molecules are used), then adherent cells can be stained with either crystal violet, or methylene blue. 

Then aniline unites indirectly with other compounds, formed more complicated dyes such as methylene blue, aniline green, aniline red, methyl orange, methyl violet, orange II, and primul[i]ne. All of these are biological stains. 

Solvents 1—3 in Table 128 are suitable for separating bismarck-brown (C. I. 21000) and other basic azo dyes [61, 83]. The triphenylmethane dyes, malachite green (C. I. 42000) and methyl violet (C. I. 42535) have been separated with solvent 4 [62]. Fuchsine (C. I. 42510), rhodamine B (C. I. 45170) and rhodamine 6G (C. I. 45160) can be separated with solvent 5. Rhodamine B, malachite green, crystal dolet (C. I. 42555), methylene blue (C. I. 52015) and Victoria blue B (C. I. 44045) have been separated with solvent 7, using silica gel layers on microscope slides [49]. Many basic dyes of the xanthene class which are used for histological staining, e. g.. Acridine Red 3B (C. I. 45000), Pyronine G (C. I. 45005), rhodamine S (C. I. 45050), rhodamine G (C. I. 45150) and rhodamine B, can be separated with solvents 8—10 [78]. Numerous subsidiary conta-... 

Bacteriological stain, antioxidant. Used as C H soln. for extraction-photometric detn. of Ge as a 0.05% aq. soln. for photometric detn. of Ga and as an indicator in visual titrations with TiClj soln fluorimetric detn. of S indicator in complexonometric titrimetric detn. of Al. Blackish-green needles (HCl aq.). Sol. hot H2O, H2SO4 si. sol. cold H2O. Blue or violet soln. in H2O, A 602.5 nm. Forms colourless leuco-dye on redn. with Zn/H or Na2S204 derivs. behave similarly. Used as a mixture with Methylene blue, M-00175 (Azure II) for extraction-photometric detn. of Hg(/7), Sb(F). 

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