Methylcrotonate

V,7V-dimethylaminopyridme provides l-(2-methoxycarbonyl)ethoxy- (40,69%) and l-(2-methoxycarbonyl-l-methyl)ethoxytryptamine (41, 72%), respectively (Scheme 4). The conjugate addition to mesityl oxide proceeds successfully as well, giving iVb-acetyl-1-(1, l-dimethyl-3-oxo)butoxytryptamine (42,49%), while the reaction with methyl 3-methylcrotonate affords 43 in a miserable yield (1.6%). Addition to acrolein results in failure, and 44 is not yet obtained. 

Figure 6 and 7. Surface grafting of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) films with acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), crotonic acid (CA), tiglic acid (TA), 3-methylcrotonic acid (3-MCA) and a-methyl cinnamic acid (a-MCA), measured by absorption of visible light after grafting for 2 min. with vapor phase method and dipping in aqueous solution of crystal violet. 

Ethyl levulinate, e236 Ethyl 3-methylcrotonate, el26... 

A photochemical approach to the synthesis of precocenes /, II, and III, interesting as juvenile hormome inhibitors [177,178], has been deviced starting from the phenolic esters of 3-methylcrotonic acid. This is shown in Scheme 61 for the synthesis of precocene I (235) [179] and in Scheme 62 for the synthesis of precocenes II (238) and III (239) [180]. The rate of the cyclization process leading to chromanones, like 234 or 237, has been found to depend on the stereochemistry of the double bond. Thus, ring closure is more rapid for the trans than for the cis isomer, although no clear-cut trend can be established [181],... 

The Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of a 2-fluoroallylic ester of 3-methylcrotonic acid followed by a tandem Cope rearrangement to prepare a 6-fluoroocta-2.6-dienoic acid,7 is given in Section 5.1.5.1. (see compound 11). 

Ethyl mercaptan, e20 Ethyl 3-methylcrotonate, el 21 Ethyl methyl ketone, b393 Ethyl 1-methylnipecotate, el 77 Ethyl 2-methyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexene-1 carboxylate, c9... 

When the cyclopropanone ring is unsymmetrically substituted, two radicals are produced if C1—C2 and Ci—C3 cleavages are competitive. In the reaction of l-methoxy-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanol with cupric ion, product studies indicate that approximately twice as much primary radical (143) is produced as tertiary (144) (Table 19). Although these two radicals would be expected to condense with methyl (3-methylcrotonate (145), addition of 145 to the reaction mixture does not affect the nature of the products and the principal materials obtained, 146 and 147, (Table 19) probably arise by radical coupling.113)... 

In 1971, a child with biotin-responsive (J-methylcrotonylglycinuria was reported.This individual had metabolic ketoacidosis and elevated concentrations of urinary P-methylcrotonic acid and 5-methylcrotonylglycine. Several days after being given oral biotin, his symptoms resolved, and the urinary metabolites cleared. He subsequently was shown to have deficient activities of all three mitochondrial carboxylases in his peripheral blood leukocytes and skin fibroblasts. This was the first child to be diagnosed with what was called multiple carboxylase deficiency. 

Hydroxy-isovaleric acid (hydration products of 3-methylcrotonic acid) 3-Methylcrotonyl glycine... 

Methylcrotonic aciduria. TTiere is, among other things, excess excretion of beta-methylcrotonic acid, a substrate in the course of leucine breakdown. Possibly the defect may lie in the enzyme at this step. Administration of biotin, which normally functions at this step in leucine breakdown, may help improve the symptoms. 

Vinylic bromine can be replaced fairly easily without reduction of the double bond. This is a characteristic difference from hydrogenolysis of vinylic chlorine and especially fluorine. Catalytic hydrogenation of ethyl a-methyl-3-bromocrotonate resulted in replacement of bromine and formation of ethyl a-methylcrotonate (equation 15). In 14-bromocodeinone (9), replacement of bromine occurs with a double bond shift to give neopinone (10 equation 16).4... 

Methylcrotonylglycinuria 3-Methylcrotonic acid, 3-methylcrotonyl-glycine, 3-hydroxypropionic, 2-methyl-citric, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic... 

Carboxylic Acids. Carboxylic acids have been esterified to wood catalyzed with trifluoroacetic anhydride (72, 73). Several unsaturated carboxylic acids react with wood by the trifluoroacetic anhydride impelling method to give an increase in oven-dry volume and ASE, and a decrease in wood crystallinity and moisture content (74). Reactions of wood with p-methylcrotonic acid (Reaction 1) give a degree of substitution high enough to make the esterified wood soluble in acetone and CHCI3 to the extent of 30% (75). 

Mixed hydrocoupling, in DMF, between simple 1,3-dienes, 63 (R, R", R = H, Me), and alkenes activated by ester or keto groups has been attempted [152]. Yields of the MHC are usually poor (0-58%), the LHD of the activated alkene predominating. Again, yields of the MHC increase as the difference between the reduction potentials of the two components decreases for example, no MHC was formed when ethyl 3,3-diphe-nylacrylate (—1.70 V) or 22b (—1.89 V) was coelectrolyzed with butadiene (63a (—2.66 V), or if cyclopentadiene (< —2.8 V) was coelectrolyzed with ethyl 3-methylcrotonate, 13b (—2.46 V). The only combination giving reasonable yield (58%) of the MHC was coelec-... 

Representative Chemicals Dinitrophenol (DNP) occurs in six different isomers - 2,3-DNP, 2,4-DNP, 2,5-DNP, 2,6-DNP, 3,4-DNP, and 3,5-DNP Synonyms A number of substituted 2,4-DNPs are sold under different trade names analogs include DNOC, 2,4-Dinitro-6-methylphenol Binapacryl, 2-s-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol-3-methylcrotonate Dinocap, 2,4-Dinitro-6-(l-methy- -heptyl)-phenyl-crotonate Dinoseb, 2,4-Dinitro-6-s-butylphenol Chemical Structure ... 

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