Methyl triclosan

Balmer, M.E. Poiger, T. Droz, C. Romanin, K. Bergqvist, P.-A. Muller, M.D. Buser, H.-R. 2004, Occurrence of methyl triclosan, a transformation product of the bactericide triclosan in fish from various lakes in Switzerland. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 390-395. 

Ferreha, A.M.C., Moder, M., Laespada, M.E.F. GC-MS determination of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan in water by in situ derivatisation and stir-bar sorptive extraction. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 399, 945-953 (2011)... 

Triclosan (methyl triclosan has a -CH3 group substituted for the H designated H )... 

Also, polymer additives in medical plastics have been analysed by means of GC-MS [293]. 4,4 -Methyl-enebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOAC), used in the polymer industry to cure urethane elastomers and epoxy resins, has been analysed in body fluids by means of GC-MS [294]. GC-MS has also been used to examine extracted PP/Triclosan (sanitiser) [243]. 

Triclosan is retained in dental plaque for at least 8 hours, which in addition to its broad antibacterial property could make it suitable for use as an antiplaque agent in oral care preparations. However, the compound is rapidly released from oral tissues, resulting in relatively poor antiplaque properties as assessed in clinical studies of plaque formation. This observation is further corroborated by a poor correlation between minimal inhibitory concentration values generated in vitro and clinical plaque inhibitory properties of triclosan. Improvement of substantivity was accomplished by incorporation of triclosan in a polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid copolymer (PVM/MA, Gantrez). With the combination of PVM/MA copolymer and triclosan, the substantivity of the triclosan was increased to 12 hours in the oral cavity. 

Figure 2.5 Reported concentrations of various PPCPs in Wastewater effluents by several research groups. On the x axis are respective PPCPs that are primarily cosmetics (1 = HHCB, 2 = AHTN, 3 = acetophenone, 4 = camphor, 5 = isobomeol, 6 = skatol, 7 = celestolide, i.e., AHMI, 8 = Phantolide, i.e., AHMI), the lotion ingredient (9 = methyl salicylate), two disinfectants (10 = triclosan and 11 = trilocarban), antihypertensive (12 = dehydronifedipine, 13 = diltiazem, 14 = bezafibrate, and 15 = gemfibrozil), analgesics and anti-inflammatories (16 = naproxen, 17 = ibuprofen, 18 = codeine), antimicrobials (19 = chlortetracycline, 20 = erythromycin, 21 = novobiocin, 22 = oxytetracycline, 23 = sulfamethaxazole, 24 = thiabendazole, 25 = trimethoprim), anxiolytic sedative (26 = carbamazepine), antidiabetic (27 = metaformin), reproductive (28 = 17(3 estradiol, 29 = 17a-ethinyl estradiol), GIT (30 = cimetidine, 31 = ranitidine), and respiratory (32 = Albuterol). The concentrations were compiled from Boyd et al. (2003), Gagne et al. (2006), Glassmeyer et al. (2005), Halden and Pauli (2005), Huang and Sedlak (2001), Ricking et al. (2003), and Temes et al. (2003).

Miyazaki, T., T. Yamagishi, and M. Matsumoto. 1984. Residues of 4-chloro-l-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methoxybenzene (triclosan methyl) in aquatic biota. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 32 227-232. 

Antiseptics may also serve as municipal molecular markers. Triclosan [Structure 4 Appendix] is a common antiseptic used in toothpastes, detergents, socks, underwear, plastic products, shampoos, deodorants and soaps (Adolfsson-Erici et al., 2002 Lindstrom et al., 2002). With respect to these specific applications and to its environmental stability triclosan can be regarded as a municipal molecular marker. In the Lipper river sediments investigated methyltriclosan [Structure 5 Appendix], a methylated transformation product of the antiseptic, was identified exclusively. This methylated metabolite was formerly identified in lakes and rivers in Switzerland together with its primary substrate triclosan (Lindstrom et al., 2002). 

Lindstrom A, Buerge IJ, Poiger T, Bergqvist PA, Muller MD, Buser HR (2002) Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Bactericide Triclosan and ist Methyl derivate in Surface Waters and in Waste Waters. Environ Sci Technol 36, 2322-2329. 

Bester K (2005) Fate of triclosan and triclosan-methyl in sewage treatment plants and surface waters. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 49 9-17... 

The phenolphthalein level in cosmetie products was determined after extraction using a 25°C Cg column k = 230 nm and 280 nm) and a 30-min 90/10 -> 10/90 water (1% acetic acid)/acetonitiile gradient. This method also separated methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben and triclosan preservatives, allowing for their quantitation as well. Standards at the 66pg/mL phenolphthalein and 25pg/mL preservative were readily detectable. Detection limits of 5 ng injected (S/N = 3) were reported [1040]. 

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