3-Methyl-2-butene nitrile

In the first, a previously dried mixture of butadiene and hydrochloric acid is sent to the reactor with hydrogen cyanide entrained by nitrogen. The butadiene/HCN/N HC1 molar ratio is 1/1/1/0.2. Residence time remains less than one hour, at between 210 and 220 C, in the presence of copper chromite and magnesium as catalyst. A mixture of 3- and 4-pentene nitriles (88 per cent) and branched 3-methyl 1- and 2-butene nitriles (12 per cent) is obtained with virtually total once-througb conversion ... 

Many substituents stabilize the monomer but have no appreciable effect on polymer stability, since resonance is only possible with the former. The net effect is to decrease the exothermicity of the polymerization. Thus hyperconjugation of alkyl groups with the C=C lowers AH for propylene and 1-butene polymerizations. Conjugation of the C=C with substituents such as the benzene ring (styrene and a-methylstyrene), and alkene double bond (butadiene and isoprene), the carbonyl linkage (acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate), and the nitrile group (acrylonitrile) similarly leads to stabilization of the monomer and decreases enthalpies of polymerization. When the substituent is poorly conjugating as in vinyl acetate, the AH is close to the value for ethylene. 

N/L recorded was 16,000 for the reactions using the magnesium aUcoxide of 3-methyl-2-buten-l-ol as a multisubstituted internal allylic alcohol substrate, which is why regiocontrol is still effective in the reactions in a highly coordinating solvent such as THE. Rate enhancement is much lower in the nitrile oxide cycloaddition reactions using homoallylic alcohol substrates. 

The use of haloalkenes or halohydrins in Ritter-type reactions has resulted in the development of an oxazoline (105) synthesis85 yields are 60-70%. The formation of 2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4Zf-1.3-oxazine (106)55 from 1-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene and propio-nitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid has a similar basis. 

Photochemical cycloaddition of 2-arylisoindoline-l-thiones 8 to electron-poor alkenes 9, such as methacrylonitrile, 2-butene-2-nitrile and methyl methacrylate, affords the corresponding tricyclic isoindolines 10 as two diastereomers143. 

The disproportionation (or alkyl exchange) and the alkylation reactions of alkylsilanes have been carried out in a closed recirculation reactor at 373 - 623 K and 373 - 473 K, respectively, by using 100 - 200 mg of catalysts. For the disproportionation reaction, 30 Torr of diethylsilane (E2), diethyidimethylsilane (E2M2), and triethylsilane (E3) were used. For the alkylation reaction, 30 Torr of E2 and 30 Torr of alkylating reagents (propene, 1- and c/s-2-butene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 1,3-butadiene, methylacetylene, ethylacetylene) were used. Cyclic olefins, nitriles, benzene and carbonyl compounds were also tested. 

Olah et al. reported the triflic acid-catalyzed isobutene-iso-butylene alkylation, modified with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or water. They found that the best alkylation conditions were at an acid strength of about//q = —10.7, giving a calculated research octane number (RON) of 89.1 (TfOH/TFA) and91.3 (TfOH/HaO). Triflic acid-modified zeohtes can be used for the gas phase synthesis of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and the mechanism of activity enhancement by triflic acid modification appears to be related to the formation of extra-lattice Al rather than the direct presence of triflic acid. A thermally stable solid catalyst prepared from amorphous silica gel and triflic acid has also been reported. The obtained material was found to be an active catalyst in the alkylation of isobutylene with n-butenes to yield high-octane gasoline components. A similar study has been carried out with triflic acid-functionalized mesoporous Zr-TMS catalysts. Triflic acid-catalyzed carbonylation, direct coupling reactions, and formylation of toluene have also been reported. Tritlic acid also promotes transalkylation and adaman-tylation of arenes in ionic liquids. Triflic acid-mediated reactions of methylenecyclopropanes with nitriles have also been investigated to provide [3 + 2] cycloaddition products as well as Ritter products. Tritlic acid also catalyzes cyclization of unsaturated alcohols to cyclic ethers. ... 

Acetonitrile added dropwise with stirring at 3-8 to 92%-H.2SO y then 3-methyl-3-buten-l-oI added slowly at 8-10°, and stirred ca. 25 min. while allowed to warm to room temp. 2,4,4-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazine. Y 48%. F. e. s. S. P. McManus and J. T. Carroll, Org. Prep. Procedures 2, 71 (1970) from nitriles, ethylene derivs., and formaldehyde cf. C. Giordano, G. Ribaldone, and G. Borsotti, Synthesis 1971, 92. 

Cyclamen homoaldehyde Cyclohexanone, 4-[(3,3-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-yl) methyl]-2-methyl- 4-Cyclohexyl-4-methylpentan-2-one 3-Cyclopentene-1 -acetonitrile, 2,2,3-trimethyl- Decahydro-2,8,8-trimethylnaphthalene-2,4a-carbolactone trans-4-Decenal Dihydroisojasmone Dihydroterpinyl acetate Dimethyl bicycle [2.2.1] heptane-2-carbonitrile 1,5-Dimethylbicyclo [3.2.1] octan-8-one oxime 2,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde 1,3-Dimethyl-3-phenylbutylacetate 2,2-Dimethyl-3-phenylpropanol 4-Ethyl-a,a-dimethyl benzenepropanal 2-Ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-buten-1-ol Geranyl nitrile... 

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