Methotrexate bladder cancer

MVAC Methotrexate, vinblastine daunomycin, cyclophosphamide Bladder cancer... 

Roth BJ, Bajorin DF. Advanced bladder cancer the need to identify new agents in the post-M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) world. J Urol 1995 153 894-900. 

Medical Research Council Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party. Neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999 354 533-540. 

Angulo JC, Sanchez-Chapado M, Lopez JI, Flores N. Primary cisplatin, methotrexate and viblastine aiming at bladder preservation in invasive bladder cancer multivariate analysis on prognostic factors. JUrol 1996 155 1897-1902. 

Other routes of administration can be employed in certain situations. Methotrexate and cytarabine are given intrathecally or intraventricularly to prevent relapses in the meninges in acute lymphocytic leukemia and to treat carcinomatous meningitis. Thiotepa and bleomycin have been administered by intravesical instillation to treat early bladder cancers. Fluorouracil can be applied topically for certain skin cancers. 

Methotrexate Inhibits DHFR inhibits TS inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis Breast cancer, head and neck cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, bladder cancer, chorioca rcinoma Mucositis, diarrhea, myelosuppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia... 

Similarly, intrathecal administration of methotrexate in the treatment and prevention of meningeal leukemia, intravesical treatment of superficial bladder cancer, and direct administration of drugs into blood vessels feeding a localized cancer, have been evaluated for more than a decade as therapeutic strategies in the management of malignant disease. 

An in vitro study in human bladder cancer cells found that the antineoplas-tic effect of paclitaxel in combination with methotrexate was dependent on the order of exposure to the two drugs. ... 

Cos J, Bellmunt J, Soler C, Ribas A, Lluis JM, Murio JE, Margarit C. Comparative study of sequential combinations of paclitaxel and methotrexate on a human bladder cancer cell line Cancer Invest (2000) 18, 429-35. 

Cyclophosphamide is a component of CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) and other drug combinations used in the treatment of breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide in combination may produce complete remissions in some patients with ovarian cancer and oat cell (small cell) lung cancer. Other tumors in which benehcial results have been reported include non-oat cell lung cancers, various sarcomas, neuroblastoma, and carcinomas of the testes, cervix, and bladder. Cyclophosphamide also can be employed as an alternative to azathioprine in suppressing immunological rejection of transplant organs. 

---