Methods flow-through reactor

In addition, a secondary screening HT method is well suited to test the catalytic properties of materials using a parallel flow-through reactor system (i.e. the Multi Fixed Bed Reactor System—MFBR) fitted with parallel detection and quantification techniques by MS and GC [32-35],... 

Some workers have experimented with oxidation under static conditions. According to Rezl and Janak [12], good results can be obtained by combining the static and dynamic methods. They recommend that the chemical decomposition should take place in an inert atmosphere under static conditions and that the sample should have a layer of a catalyst on it final oxidation takes place in a flow-through reactor in a layer of oxidation catalyst. 

The limiting-current method has been used widely for studies in packed and fluidized beds (see Table VII, Part H). Limiting current measurements in these systems overlap in part with the design and analysis of packed-bed and fluidized-bed electrochemical reactors in particular the potential distribution in, and the effectiveness of, such reactors (for example, for metal removal from waste streams) is an extensive area of research, which cannot be covered in this review. For a complete discussion of porous flow-through electrodes the reader is referred to Newman and Tiedemann (N8d). 

In any real situation, reactants only flow through the reactor because there is a difference in pressure between the inlet and the outlet. Methods for calculating the pressure drop in pipes and packed beds have been outlined in Chap. 1. Often, the pressure drop is negligible compared with the total pressure and it is usual to assume that a tubular reactor with plug flow operates at constant pressure. 

The simplified ERM is very convenient in that all the properties can be evaluated at the stagnation conditions in the reactor. The method may be appropriate for relief sizing for vapour pressure systems when flow is to be via a safety valve. Discharge coefficients for two-phase flow through safety valves are discussed in 9.7.1. -... 

When the flow through a reactor or any other type of process vessel is non-ideal, experiments with non-reactive tracers can provide most valuable information on the nature of the flow. The injection of a tracer and the subsequent analysis of the exit stream is an example of the general stimulus-response methods described under Process Control in Chapter 7. In tracer experiments various input signals can be... 

Two primary methods exist for the introduction and removal of reagents from reactors a flow-through system employing inlet and outlet valves or a liquid-handling robot with stand-alone reactors. Although a valving system always has a closed architecture, a robotic system may have an open or closed architecture. 

At-line sampling may involve a flow-through cell in the NIR spectrometer in one process a glass-lined steel reaction vessel was used in combination with a fibre optic probe for measurements in a full scale chemical plant reactor [57]. Fibre optic bundles can be used to transmit NIR radiation to the reaction matrix and take signal back to the spectrometer. NIR is notoriously sensitive to changes in temperature and methods for keeping the temperature constant must be incorporated into the instrumentation. 

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