Methodology underpinning

NOMIRACLE (2004-2009, http //viso.jrc.it/nomiracle/) provided support to the development and improvement of a coherent series of methodologies underpinned by mechanistic understanding, while integrating the risk analysis approaches of environmental and human health. The project delivered understanding of and tools for sound risk assessment, developing a research framework for the description and interpretation of combined stressor effects that leads to the identification of biomarkers and other indicators of cumulative impacts. 

Over the last two to three decades randomized concurrently controlled clinical trials have become established as the method which investigators must use to assess new treatments if their claims are to find widespread acceptance. The methodology underpinning these trials is firmly based in statistical theory, and the success of randomized trials perhaps constitutes the greatest achievement of statistics in the second half of the twentieth century (Preface). 

Today, many-body methodology underpins the most widely used ab initio approaches to the correlation problem in atoms and molecules. However, configuration interaction remains the most robust approach which can be invoked in difficult cases. 

Academia has been rich in producing theoretical computational methodology that underpins molecular modeling. The following software arose from universities or private and publicly funded institutes AMBER [10], INSIGHT [11,12], CHARMM [13], SYBYL [14], GRID [15], DOCK [16] and HINT (Hydropathic INTeractions) [39]. All except AMBER were commercialized. 

The assumptions underpinning the methodology, provenance of the data and factors used would need to be made explicit and transparent. 

The theory behind NMR not only is beautiful in itself, but also offers considerable insight into the methodology. Consequently, a series of appendices presents a full treatment of this theoretical underpinning, necessary to the physical or analytical chemist, but possibly still edifying to the synthetic organic or inorganic chemist. 

SECM and related methodologies, such as scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy (SPECM) (16,17), are ideally suited to investigating the phenomena underpinning corrosion processes. This is because (1) they are... 

The need for CRM training, a proposed methodology for its delivery and collateral which supports it form an integral part of the SMS. Demonstrating that CRM processes are underpinned by effective communication and socialisation adds significant credibility to the approach and raises confidence in its rigour come an audit. Consideration should be given as to ... 

The HERMES methodology was first introduced by Cacciabue (2004a,b) for analyzing the HMI in complex contexts. HERMES is strucmred in a number of steps to preserve the basic requirements of congruence and consistency between both types of retrospective and prospective studies as well as to underpin the correspondence between recurrent HMI analysis and system safety and integrity. 

Quantum chemistry has certainly come of age, and quantum chemical concepts appear in nearly all papers published in the chemical literature today. Actual quantum chemical calculations are now reported in many experimental papers, and computer codes that perform these calculations are now often considered as another piece of chemical apparatus. Various experimental groups now train experts in computational chemistry, along with experts in NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and so on. Nearly all molecular electronic structure calculations today start with molecular orbital (MO) calculations, but the history of the development of this methodology is often forgotten. Today s heroes have become the writers of useful computer code, but the basic underpinnings of these codes, the ideas that let these codes develop and become useful and those who developed these ideas, are often forgotten. Who is Roothaan What did he do that so influenced MO theory I can make my distinction of theoretical chemist versus computational chemist, should such a distinction be appropriate, on the basis of this answer. This short manuscript reviews the 1951 paper by C.C.J. Roothaan entitled New developments in molecular orbital theory [1], hopefully putting this... 

As a consultant, I have always tried to practice what I preach. That is, the job is not done until it is successfully implemented. Analysis that is not translated into action is of little use. This philosophy underpins the book. The thought processes and methods recommended here are intended to lower the risk of implementing change. For a more detailed project management methodology, my book entitled Supply Chain Project Management is at your service. 

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