Assumptions underpinning

In the simplest case when a single shock state is achieved via a shock front, the Rankine-Hugoniot equations involve six variables U, u, p, Pi, i — Eq, and Pi) thus, measuring three, usually U, m, and p, determines the shock state, pi, , - A- The key assumption underpinning the... 

The assumptions underpinning the methodology, provenance of the data and factors used would need to be made explicit and transparent. 

A statistical test that is often appropriate for comparing two groups in terms of a quantitative outcome measure is the unpaired t-test. Other assumptions underpin the use of a t-test (see later) and it is therefore sometimes desirable to use one of the tests primarily intended for use on ordinal data even if the data are quantitative. 

The assumption underpinning the incident pyramid is that the causes for all types of event are the same. In fact, this assumption is only partially correct because the root causes of minor events are different from those that lead to process safety events. Therefore, improving day-to-day safety will not necessarily reduce the number of serious incidents. Minor events are typically caused by occupational problems such as trips and falls, lack of proper PPE, and improper use of machinery. Major events, however, are more often caused by process safety problems such as incorrect instrument settings, corrosion, or mixing of incompatible chemicals. Hence a program that leads to improvements in occupational safety will not necessarily help reduce the frequency of process-related events. Indeed, improvements in the occupational safety record may induce a false sense of confidence regarding the potential for a major event. (It is probable, however, that a poor performance in occupational safety will correlate positively with a poor performance in process safety.)... 

The family of distributions Fi(y) represents the uncertainty in the unknown y due to uncertainty in the models structure it can be probabihstically combined in a summary measure by means of a standard Bayesian approach (Apostolakis, 1993). Indicating with p Mi) the epistemic probability which expresses the analyst s confidence in the set of assumptions underpinning the /-th model (here the term epistemic... 

Various conceptual models have been proposed for describing the groundwater flow and solute transport at a radioactive waste repository site in unsaturated, fractured tuff formations. The analysis of the differences in the models has been mainly concerned with the fundamental assumptions underpinning their... 

Next, a kinetic model for the simultaneous EX and BEX processes will be developed. The principal assumptions underpinning the model are as follows ... 

However, if the count period were long and the detection efficiency high (perhaps a low-energy gamma-ray emitted with high probability and measured close to the detector or inside a well detector), then the assumptions underpinning our use of the Poisson distribution are no longer valid. It is then necessary to return to the binomial distribution. There is no place here for the mathematics involved but it can be shown that if we observe a count of n, then the expected true count is ... 

The assumption underpinning mean field theory is that there is one (perhaps inhomogeneous) set of fields that dominates the integrations of Eq. (15), as well as similar integrations for expressions such as the equilibrium density distributions, and that all other contributions can be ignored. The computational task is then to find and calculate these fields which, initially, we denote [p (r), equilibrium structural and thermodynamic properties can then be calculated from them. In this approximation, the quantities of interest reduce to their extremal values. For example, each density distribution reduces to... 

There has also been an assumption that refugees who are allowed to integrate are less likely to eventually return to the country they fled from. These assumptions underpinning the encampment of refugees have been challenged, but with limited impact (See, for example, Hovil 2002.)... 

What are the key assumptions underpinning the development of these priorities ... 

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