Methanol oxidized electrochemically

Methane oxidation and partial oxidation, electrochemical promotion of, 308 dimerization, 470 reforming, 410 Methanol dehydrogenation electrochemical promotion of, 403 selectivity modification, 404 Methanol oxidation electrochemical promotion of 398 selectivity modification, 400 Microscopy... 

III. ELECTRODE KINETICS AND ELECTROCATALY SIS OF METHANOL OXIDATION—ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS... 

Batista EA, Malpass GRP, Motheo AJ, Iwasita T. 2003. New insight into the pathways of methanol oxidation. Electrochem Commun 5 843-846. 

G. Goekagac, J.-M. Leger, F. Hahn, C. Lamy, Carbon Supported Pt, Pt/W and Pt/Mo Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation Electrochemical and IR Spectroscopic Characterisation, Electrochemical Society Proceedings, 2001, p. 174. 

V. Selvaraj and M. Alagar, Pt and Pt-Ru nanoparticles decorated polypyrrole/multiwaUed carbon nanotubes and their catalytic activity towards methanol oxidation, Electrochem. Common., 9, 1145-1153 (2007). 

Li, F. H., Li, F, Song, j. X., Song, J. F, Han, D. X., and Niu, L. (2009]. Green synthesis of highly stable platinum nanoparticles stabilized by amino-terminated ionic liquid and its electrocatalysts for dioxygen reduction and methanol oxidation. Electrochem. Common., 11, pp. 351-354. 

Garcia BL, Fuentes R, Weidner JW. Low-temperature synthesis of a PtRu / Nb0.lTi0.9O2 electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. Electrochem Solid-State Le 2007 10(7) B108-10. 

Tsai M-C, Yeh T-K, Tsai C-H (2006) An improved electrodeposition technique for preparing platinum and platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes directly grown on carbon cloth for methanol oxidation. Electrochem Commun 8(9) 1445-1452... 

Suffredinia HB, Tricolib V, Avacaa LA, Vatistasb N (2004) Sol-gel method to prepare active Pt-Ru02 coatings on carbon powder for methanol oxidation. Electrochem Commun 6(10) 1025-1028... 

Liu ZL, Zhang XH, Hong L (2009) Physical and electrochemical characterizations of nanostructured Pd/C and PdNi/C catalysts for methanol oxidation. Electrochem Commun ll(4) 925-928... 

Ganesan R, Ham JD, Lee JS (2007) Platinized mesoporous tungsten carbide for electrochemical methanol oxidation. Electrochem Commun 9(10) 2576-2579... 

Garcia, B. et al. 2007. Low-temperature synthesis of a PtRu/Nb 0. lTi 0. 90 2 electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. Electrochemical and Solid State Letters 10 108. 

V. Raghuveer and A. Manthiram, Mesoporous carbons with controlled porosity as an electrocatalytic support for methanol oxidation, /. Electrochem. Soc. 152, 2005, A1504-1510. 

C.G. Vayenas, and S. Neophytides, Non-Faradaic Electrochemical Modification of Catalytic Activity 3. The Case of Methanol Oxidation on Pt, J. Catal. 127, 645-664 (1991). 

The transient response of DMFC is inherently slower and consequently the performance is worse than that of the hydrogen fuel cell, since the electrochemical oxidation kinetics of methanol are inherently slower due to intermediates formed during methanol oxidation [3]. Since the methanol solution should penetrate a diffusion layer toward the anode catalyst layer for oxidation, it is inevitable for the DMFC to experience the hi mass transport resistance. The carbon dioxide produced as the result of the oxidation reaction of methanol could also partly block the narrow flow path to be more difScult for the methanol to diflhise toward the catalyst. All these resistances and limitations can alter the cell characteristics and the power output when the cell is operated under variable load conditions. Especially when the DMFC stack is considered, the fluid dynamics inside the fuel cell stack is more complicated and so the transient stack performance could be more dependent of the variable load conditions. 

Bolivar H, Izquierdo S, Tremont R, Cabrera CR (2003) Methanol oxidation at Pt/MoOx/ MoSc2 thin film electrodes prepared with exfohated MoSe2. J Appl Electrochem 33 1191-1198... 

Leger, J.-M., Mechanistic apects of methanol oxidation on platinum based electrocatalysts, J. Appl. Electrochem., 31, 767 (2001). 

Gottesfeld, S., and T. A. Zawodzinski, Direct methanol oxidation fuel cells from a 20th century electrochemist s dream to a 21st century emerging technology, in Electrochemical Science and Engineering, R. C. AUdre et al., Eds., Vol. 5, WUey, New York, 1988. 

Similar size effects have been observed in some other electrochemical systems, but by far not in all of them. At platinized platinum, the rate of hydrogen ionization and evolution is approximately an order of magnitude lower than at smooth platinum. Yet in the literature, examples can be found where such a size effect is absent or where it is in the opposite direction. In cathodic oxygen reduction at platinum and at silver, there is little difference in the reaction rates between smooth and disperse electrodes. In methanol oxidation at nickel electrodes in alkaline solution, the reaction rate increases markedly with increasing degree of dispersion of the nickel powders. Such size effects have been reported in many papers and were the subject of reviews (Kinoshita, 1982 Mukerjee, 1990). 

Adatoms produce a strong change in catalytic properties of the metal on which they are adsorbed. These catalytic effects are highly specific. They depend both on the nature of the metal and on the nature of the adatoms they also depend on the nature of the electrochemical reaction. For instance, tin adatoms on platinum strongly (by more than two orders of magnitude) enhance the rate of anodic methanol oxidation. 

Cohen JL, Volpe DJ, Abmna HD. 2007. Electrochemical determination of activation energies for methanol oxidation on polycrystalline platinum in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 9 49-77. 

Jusys Z, Behm RJ. 2001. Methanol oxidation on a carbon-supported Pt fuel cell catalyst—A kinetic and mechanistic study by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. J Phys ChemB 105 10874-10883. 

Arico AS, Creti P, Antonucci PL, Antonucci V. 1998. Comparison of ethanol and methanol oxidation in a liquid-feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell at high temperature. Electrochem Sol Lett 1 66-68. 

Jambunathan K, Jayataman S, HiUier AC. 2004. A multielectrode electrochemical and scanning differential electrochemical mass spectrometry study of methanol oxidation on electrodepos-ited PORUy. Langmuir 20 1856 1863. 

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