Methanol biomass burning emission

Most of the gas phase Ci chemistry is elsewhere presented (Chapters 5.3.2.2 and 5.3.3 concerns organic and 2.8.3.2 concerns CO2 and earbonate dissolution). Two species from the heading above, methanol CH3OH and formic acid HCOOH we met as emissions from biomass burning (Table 2.44). Beeause C—O and O—H bonds are much stronger than the C—H bond, OH attaek goes preferable onto C—H (al higher carbon chains preferably at the aC—H) A 5.325 = 7.7 10" cm molecule" s and ks.326... 

Karl et al. detected VOCs at the Mauna Loa Baseline Station in March/April 2001 and thought that the abundance of acetone seemed to be partly influenced by biomass burning and domestic biofuel emissions [91]. It was revealed that secondary production of acetone and methanol in fire plumes over the Mediterranean could also be thought as characteristic biomass burning signatures, and the emissions of 25-31 and 29-35 Tg/year for acetone and methanol were estimated, respectively [87]. 

As part of the Megacity Initiative Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) project, a comprehensive airborne study by Yokelson et al. reported the first detailed field measurements of biomass emissions in the Northern Hemisphere tropics [169]. Volatile emissions were measured from 20 deforestation and crop residue fires on the Yucatan peninsula. This included two trace gases which are often considered to be useful as indicators of biomass burning. One we have discussed before, namely acetonitrile, and the other is hydrogen cyanide. A variety of instrumentation was co-deployed for this investigation (FTIR spectroscopy, GD-FID, a GC-Trace Analytical Reduction Gas Detector, fluorescence and chemiluminescence instruments and various other spectrometers). PTR-MS was used to monitor methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propanal, hydroxyacetone plus methyl acetate, benzene and 13 other volatile species. 

Use of Different Fuels and Their Characteristics - The best commercial, dry, low NOx combustors today are optimized for clean-burning natural gas. However, with raised natural gas prices over the next decade, power plants may be forced to burn low-heating value fuel gas, products of gasification or low quality residual fuels. As the combustion becomes more complicated, e.g. lean-premixed combustors, to handle NOx emissions from different fuels is bound to become more complex, too. Hence, development of the catalytic combustor must also be directed towards fuels other than natural gas. These fuels could be other hydrocarbon feedstock, e.g. diesel fuels,which are more available than natural gas in some parts of the world, and kerosene,which is used for jet-turbines in aeroplanes. An increased use of renewable fuels, such as methanol, ethanol and low-heating value fuels derived from biomass or waste will also lead to a demand to put these fuels to use in gas turbines. ... 

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