Methane, exploitation

Liang B, Sun KM. Theory and Application on Low Permeability Coalbed Methane Exploitation. Beijing Science Press, 2006. (in Chinese). 

Siderophores are iron-complexing compounds of low molecular weight that are synthesized by bacteria and fungi, and serve to deliver iron to the microbes. Because of their exclusive affinity and specificity for Fe3+, natural siderophores and synthetic derivatives have been exploited in the treatment of human iron-overload diseases. The most successfully used example is Desferal , which is the methane sulfonate derivative of iron-free ferrioxamine B, a linear trihydroxamate (Figure 3.2). Ferrioxamine was isolated in 1958 from the culture supernatant of Streptomyces... 

The neomycin molecule contains both free amino and free hydroxy groups. Many workers have exploited the possibility of chemical de-rivatisation at these positions in attempts to reduce the toxicity of the parent antibiotic. Substitution of methane sulphonate groups at the amino nitrogen has been reported by Umezawa et al83,84 and by Boissier et al . Both groups of workers described the derivative to be less toxic... 

This section reviews the challenges faced by the exploitation of CO2, stranded methane, and biomass residues in an attempt to highlight areas where technology breakthroughs and research efforts are needed. 

The production of methane from waste exploits the abundance of natural H2-pro-ducing and H2-consuming organisms. These processes are being developed by selection of the optimum types of organisms and culture conditions. 

Biogas can be obtained from digesting the organic material of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The composition of MSW varies by the somce of waste however, in all cases the major constituents of MSW are organic in nature and the organics accoimts for more than 50% of MSW. The economic exploitation of methane is worthwhile after one year from the start of the landfill operation. 

Glasby, G.P. (2003). Potential impact on climate of the exploitation of methane hydrate deposits offshore. Marine Petroleum Geology 20 (2), 163-175. 

One of the most important challenges in the modern chemical industry is represented by the development of new processes aimed at the exploitation of alternative raw materials, in replacement of technologies that make use of building blocks derived from oil (olefins and aromatics). This has led to a scientific activity devoted to the valorization of natural gas components, through catalytic, environmentally benign processes of transformation (1). Examples include the direct exoenthalpic transformation of methane to methanol, DME or formaldehyde, the oxidation of ethane to acetic acid or its oxychlorination to vinyl chloride, the oxidation of propane to acrylic acid or its ammoxidation to acrylonitrile, the oxidation of isobutane to... 

Under certain process conditions, high yields of carbon filaments can be obtained on the catalyst during the catalytic decomposition of methane. Currently, there is a great interest in these carbon filaments, as the unique properties exhibited by these materials can be exploited in a number of applications such as catalyst support, energy storage devices, selective adsorption agents and... 

In this context it is worth noting that bis(pyrazolyl)methanes are isosteric with the bis(oxazolyl)methanes, which have been successfully exploited in asymmetric catalysis.15... 

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