Metals ion chromatography

S. Heberling, B. Joyce, and K. Haak, Applications of Transition Metal Ion Chromatography to High Purity and Industrial Process Waters , Presentation 5th Semiconductor Pure Water Conference, 1986, San Francisco, CA, USA. 

Emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy for detecting organic impurities and determining metal ions. Chromatography, including paper, thin layer, liquid (high, medium and normal pressure), flash and vapour phase. 

Heberling, S., Joyce, B., and Haak, K. (1986) Applications of transition metal ion chromatography to high purity and industrial process waters. Presentation at the 5th Semiconductor Pure Water Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA. 

Finally, micellar systems are useful in separation methods. Micelles may bind heavy-metal ions, or, through solubilization, organic impurities. Ultrafiltration, chromatography, or solvent extraction may then be used to separate out such contaminants [220-222]. 

Pretreatment of the collected particulate matter may be required for chemical analysis. Pretreatment generally involves extraction of the particulate matter into a liquid. The solution may be further treated to transform the material into a form suitable for analysis. Trace metals may be determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA), emission spectroscopy, polarogra-phy, and anodic stripping voltammetry. Analysis of anions is possible by colorimetric techniques and ion chromatography. Sulfate (S04 ), sulfite (SO-, ), nitrate (NO3 ), chloride Cl ), and fluoride (F ) may be determined by ion chromatography (15). 

Other fluorinated derivatives of acetylacetone are trifluoroacetylacetone (CF3COCH2COCH3) and hexafluoroacetylacetone (CF3COCH2COCF3), which form stable volatile chelates with aluminium, beryllium, chromium(III) and a number of other metal ions. These reagents have consequently been used for the solvent extraction of such metal ions, with subsequent separation and analysis by gas chromatography [see Section 9.2(2)]. 

Horwitz EP, Chiarizia R, Dietz ML, Diamond H, Nelson DM (1993a) Separation and preconcentration of actinides from acidic media by extraction chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 281 361-372 Horwitz EP, Chiarizia, R., Diamond H, Gatrone RC, Alexandratos SD, Trochimzuk AQ, Crick DW (1993b) Uptake of metal ions by a new chelating ion exchange resin. 1. Acid dependencies of actinide ions. Solvent Extr Ion Exch 11 943-966... 

The preparation of neutral chelates for the separation of etals by gas chromatography has been studied for many years [436,667,669-672]. The principal limit to the success of this approach is the paucity of suitable reagents which can confer the necessary volatility, thermal stability and chemical inertness on the metal ions. The class of metal chelating reagents that have... 

The rapid and reversible formation of complexes between some metal ions and organic compounds that can function as electron donors can be used to adjust retention and selectivity in gas and liquid chromatography. Such coordinative interactions are very sensitive to subtle differences in the composition or stereochemistry of the donor ligand, owing to the sensitivity of the chemical bond towards electronic, steric and strain effects. A number of difficult to separate mixtures of stereoisomers and isotopomers have been separated by complexation chromatography. 

Li, S. and Dass, C., Iron(III)-Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry for the Purification and Characterization of Synthetic Phosphopeptides, Anal. Biochem., 270, 9, 1999. 

Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E. and Dlouhy, J. F., Simultaneous determination of alkali, alkaline-earth metal cations and ammonium ion environmental samples by gradient ion chromatography, /. Chromatogr., 638, 35, 1993. 

Amey, M. D. H. and Bridle, D. H., Application and development of ion chromatography for the analysis of transition metal cations in the primary coolants of light water reactors, /. Chromatogr., 640, 323, 1993. 

Pauli B, Foulkes M, Jones P. 1994. Determination of alkaline earth metals in offshore oil-well brines using high-performance chelation ion chromatography. Anal Proc 31 209-211. 

HPLC (in both NP and RP modes) is quite suitable for speciation by coupling to FAAS, ETAAS, ICP-MS and MIP-MS [571,572]. Coupling of plasma source mass spectrometry with chromatographic techniques offers selective detection with excellent sensitivity. For HPLC-ICP-MS detection limits are in the sub-ng to pg range [36]. Metal ion determination and speciation by LC have been reviewed [573,574] with particular regard to ion chromatography [575]. 

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