Metal catenanes

The successful construction of the single-metal catenane 4 inspired a series of subsequent studies in which catenanes based on more than one metal ion were synthesised. ... 

The three-metal catenane 24, incorporating one copper(I) and two ruthenium(II) ions, has been synthesised by means of the copper(I) template reaction illustrated in Figure 6.8. The double clipping procedure was found to be selective for the... 

Great interest has been shown in a sraks of reports by Frendi researchers > published between 1984 and 1986 and describing the synthesis " and investigation into the structure of metal-catenanes ... 

This approach to the synthesis relies on the capability of an ion of univalent copper to form strong complexes both with two linear molecules the macrocycles of which can be produced by cyclization with one such molecule and a already formed cycle. In this case, Cu orients them spatially so that closing of linear molecules into a ring gives rise to a metal-catenane ... 

Intramolecular mobility of metal complexes of rotaxanes and catenanes with macroheterocyclic fragments 98ACR611. 

Self-assembly of [2]catenanes containing metals in their backbones 99ACR53. 

Although the number of applications of olefin metathesis to transition metal complexes is small compared to the number of applications in organic synthesis, this field is becoming increasingly important. Spectacular examples are the double RCM reactions of copper phenanthroline complexes as a synthetic route to catenanes [113] or a recently reported approach to steric shielding of rhenium complex terminated sp-carbon chains [114]. 

COlfen H (2007) Bio-inspired Mineralization Using Hydrophilic Polymers. 271 1-77 Collin J-P, Heitz V, Sauvage J-P (2005) Transition-Metal-Complexed Catenanes and Rotax-anes in Motion Towards Molecular Machines. 262 29-62 Collins BE, Wright AT, Anslyn EV (2007) Combining Molecular Recognition, Optical Detection, and Chemometric Analysis. 277 181-218 Collyer SD, see Davis F (2005) 255 97-124 Commeyras A, see Pascal R (2005) 259 69-122 Coquerel G (2007) Preferential Crystallization. 269 1-51 Correia JDG, see Santos I (2005) 252 45-84 Costanzo G, see Saladino R (2005) 259 29-68 Cotarca L, see Zonta C (2007) 275 131-161 Credi A, see Balzani V (2005) 262 1-27 Crestini C, see Saladino R (2005) 259 29-68... 

A review13 with 53 references of the transition-metal mediated supramolecular self-assembly is presented. Focus is on the self-assembly of macrocycles, catenanes, and cages from (en)Pd(N03)2 and pyridine-based bridging ligands. 

Sauvage, J.-P. Dietrich-Buchecker, C. O. Chambron, J.-C. Transition metals as assembling and templating species synthesis of catenanes and molecular knots. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, Sauvage, J.-P. Hosseini, M.W., Ed., Publisher Elsevier, Oxford, UK 1996 Vol. 2, p 43. 

Fujita, M. Transition metal-incorporating catenanes. In Molecular Catenanes, Rotaxanes and Knots Sauvage, J.-P., Dietrich-Buchecker, C., Eds. Wiley-VCH Verlag Weinheim, Germany, 1999, pp 57-76. 

Fujita, M. Self-assembled macrocycles, cages and catenanes containing transition metals in their backbones. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry Sauvage, J.-P., Hosseini, M. W., Eds. Elsevier Oxford, 1996, Vol. 9, pp 253-282. 

Other supramolecular structures such as catenanes and rotaxanes can be formed using zinc as a template ion for example, a benzylic imine catenate formed by Leigh et a/.288 The reversible five-component assembly of a [2]catenane from a chiral metallomacrocycle and a dinaphtho-crown ether has been achieved. Zinc is used as the metal component and drives assembly via the coordination to a bipyridyl unit 7r interactions between the aromatic components are also... 

The group of Sauvage et al. [121] produced various [2]catenanes by using transition metal complexes as templates. Figure 41 illustrates one of their... 

J.-P. Sauvage, Transition Metal-Containing Rotaxanes and Catenanes in Motion Toward Molecular Machines and Motors , Acc Chem. Res. 1998,31, 611-619. 

This elegant synthesis has demonstrated the possibility of using a hydrogen bond-acceptor template to prepare template-free interlocked species (in a similar fashion to Sauvage s catenanes syntheses which make use of transition metals as templates). 

The iron(II) complex of the Schiff base-diimine (121) is mentioned briefly in a review more concerned with Cu" "-diimine complexes leading to helicates and catenanes—but which is also concerned with moving from tetrahedral Cu+ to octahedral metal centers as templates. 

The coordination of phenanthroline fragments with a metal atom as depicted in Figure 1.2. In this way knots like 6 [If] and 394 [10a], a doubly-intertwined catenane 33 [3] and a mixture of [2]-, [3]-, [4]-, [5]- and [6]-catenanes 32 [14] have been synthesized by the Sauvage and Dietrich-Buchecker group. 

Fujimoto and coworkers used a self-assembled Janus [2]-pseudorotaxane406 to obtain a Janus[2]rotaxane 407 (Figure 8.2.4) [33]. A quadruply stranded alkaline earth metal containing helical catenate, a charge-neutral heterotopic homodinuclear [2]catenane, was reported by Castro et al. [34]. 

In this chapter, for space reasons, only a few paradigmatic examples of rotaxanes and catenanes based on donor-acceptor (charge transfer (CT)) and/or hydrogen bonding interactions (systems based on metal-ligand bonding are reviewed in another... 

Several examples of catenanes and rotaxanes have been constructed and investigated on solid surfaces.1 la,d f 12 13 26 If the interlocked molecular components contain electroactive units and the surface is that of an electrode, electrochemical techniques represent a powerful tool to study the behavior of the surface-immobilized ensemble. Catenanes and rotaxanes are usually deposited on solid surfaces by employing the Langmuir-Blodgett technique27 or the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) approach.28 The molecular components can either be already interlocked prior to attachment to the surface or become so in consequence of surface immobilization in the latter setting, the solid surface plays the dual role of a stopper and an interface (electrode). In most instances, the investigated compounds are deposited on macroscopic surfaces, such as those of metal or semiconductor electrodes 26 less common is the case of systems anchored on nanocrystals.29... 

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