Metabolism nitric oxide and

Wu G and Morris SM (1998) Arginine metabolism nitric oxide and beyond. Biochemical Journal 336 1—17. 

The regulation of NHE2 is multifactorial. Chronic exposure to nitric oxide and gamma-interferon decrease NHE2 activity, whereas metabolic acidosis and chronic stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) increase activity. 

Servent D, C Ducrorq, Y Henry, A Guissani, M Lenfant (1991) Nitroglycerin metabolism by Phanerochaete chrysosporium evidence for nitric oxide and nitrite formation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1074 320-325. 

Nitric oxide and eicosanoid synthesis haem synthesis. The importance of the pentose phosphate pathway reduced glutathione in maintaining red cell integrity. The respiratory burst in phagocytes. Clotting and complement enzyme cascades. Metabolism of lipoproteins. 

Henze MW, Kuhn LC (1996) Molecular control of vertebrate iron metabolism mRNA-based regulatory circuits operated by iron, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 8175-8182... 

The rapid advances in analytical chemistry and the detection of ever smaller quantities of material involved in the processes in our bodies mean that our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms and interactions with drugs is becoming more and more sophisticated. The small quantities of carbon monoxide and its presence in the brain, the massive role of nitric oxide and the detection of minute quantities of oxidants and anti-oxidants in the blood and cells are discussed in other chapters. 

The metabolic generation and fate of peroxynitrite remains an area of intense study with many complex reactions and interactions occurring. The physiological actions of nitric oxide and superoxide or peroxynitrite are leading to a reassessment of their individual and combined activities. 

Pfeiffer, S., Gorren, ACF, Schmidt, K, Werner, ER, Hansert, B, Bohle, DS, and Mayer, B (1997). Metabolic fate of peroxynitrite in aqueous solution. Reaction with nitric oxide and pH-dependent decomposition to nitrite and oxygen in a 2 1 stoichiometry. 7B/o/ Chem 272(6) 3465-3470. 

Nitric oxide and Oy metabolism in the mitochondrial matrix are linked by the very fast, diffusion limited, reaction between NO and Oy to produce peroxynitrite (ONOO ) (reaction 6 [34, 35]). This oxidative utilization of NO is the main (60-70%) pathway of NO metabolism but only a minor part (15%) of mitochondrial Oy utilization, whereas the reductive utilization of NO by ubiquinol and cytochrome oxidase provides a minor (20%) pathway of NO catabolism [12]. 

Archer, S. L., Huang, J. M. C., HampI, V., Nelson, D. P., Shultz, P. J., and Weir, E. K. (1994). Nitric oxide and cGMP cause vasorelaxation by activation of a charybdotoxin-sensitive K channel by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. U.S.A. 91,7583-7587. Beckman, J. S., Ye, Y. Z., Anderson, P. G., Chen, J., Accavitti, M. A., Tarpey, M. M., and White, C. R. (1994). Extensive nitration of protein tyrosines in human atherosclerosis detected by immunohistochemistry. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 375, 81-88. Bhagyalakshmi, A., Berthiaume, F., Reich, K. M., and Frangos, J. A. (1992). Fluid shear stress stimulates membrane phospholipid metabolism in cultured human endothelial cells. J. Vase. Res. 29, 443-449. 

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