Metabolic Syndrome hypertriglyceridemia

Grundy SM. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1999 83 25F-9F. 

Serum biomarkers of metabolic syndrome (diabetes or hypertriglyceridemia)... 

There is an increased CHD risk associated with the insulin-resistant, prediabetic state described under the rubric of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of abdominal obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL. Treatment should focus on weight loss and increased physical activity, since being overweight or obese usually precludes optimal risk factor reduction. Specific treatment of hpid abnormalities should also be undertaken. 

The values are means SD CHD, coronary heart disease DM, diabetes mellitus MS, metabolic syndrome IHTG, isolated hypertriglyceridemia CHL, combined hyperlipidemia CE, cholesterol esters PL, phospholipids FA, fatty acid Er, erythrocytes IR,msulm resistence NGT, normal glucoso tolerance. 

In (dis)metabolic syndrome X (Table 2) insulin resistance plays a pivotal role for the development of diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and LEAD. 

Common problems in the past were fat overload syndrome, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia (6). These problems are now rare. Increasing efforts have been made to avoid adverse effects such as central venous catheter infection and hepatic dysfunction. Major developments in the future are likely to be achieved with the identification of nutrients, hormones, or other active compounds that can positively influence outcome beyond the safe provision of 40 essential nutrients in proper amounts, which is what principally has been achieved to date (7). Liver damage is still a major problem. The most common micronutrient deficiency is of thiamine. 

Nutritional problems in human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients have shifted from complications of severe wasting to metabolic changes associated with subcutaneous fat atrophy, visceral fat accumulation, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. 

Metabolism The propofol infusion syndrome has been predominantly reported anecdotally. Now the incidence has been assessed in a prospective, multicenter, observational study in 1017 patients who received propofol for at least 24 hours [41 ]. The syndrome was defined as a metabolic acidosis plus cardiac dysfunction plus one or more of rhabdomyolysis, hypertriglyceridemia, and renal failure. The criteria were satisfied in 11 patients (1.1%) 2 developed 3 criteria within 24 hours of propofol infusion and 10 developed three criteria within 3 days. Susceptibility factors were identified 10 of the 11 patients... 

The term endogenous hyperglyceridemia as used here is not meant to imply that alimentary fat cannot contribute to the hypertriglyceridemia in such cases under appropriate conditions. However, it seems likely that a basic defect in all the S3mdromes to be discussed is associated with some type of abnormality of metabolism of endogenous very low density lipoprotein with regard either to formation (Farquhar et al. 1963) and/or clearing of these particles. Other mechanisms, secondary to this defect, seem to come into play particularly with more severe forms of the syndrome. 

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