Metabolic rates athletes

Many athletes were not aware of the fact that thyroid hormones are a true form of absolute anabolic. The usual method of employment for thyroid hormones was during pre-contest periods. Obviously, this is because increased thyroid hormone levels means elevated metabolic rate and resulting increased calorie expenditure or use. This explanation itself suggests the noted anabolic potential. 

Most readers would assume that the low percentage of T-4 and T-3 provided by Armour was ineffective. In fact, the combination was often considered more effective than either drug alone and is at the correct human ratio. The trace levels of T-2 and Triacana create a complete synergystic and effective thyroid hormone drug. Most athletes realized an increased metabolic rate with only 1.5-2.0 grains daily. 

As is the case with all thyroid hormone drug use, most athletes were noted as wiser to begin at a lower dosage of 100 MCG/d and slowly progress to their chosen dosage. Daily dosages of T-4/L-thyroxine that exceed 400 MCG will not increase metabolic rate beyond what is realized at 400 + MCG/d. 

For most species maximum metabolic rate is about 10 times basal [33, p. 212]. However, some very athletic animals have much higher ratios of maximal to basal rates pronghorn antelopes can achieve ratios of 65, and alligators can reach 40. A very informative discussion of diet, metabolic rates, and temperature control is provided in Chapter 14 of Reference 32. 

Bradycardia Bradycardia is a slow heart rate (60 beats per minute or slower) that does not meet the body s metabolic demands. Symptoms of bradycardia include dizziness, extreme fatigue, shortness of breath, or fainting spells. This can be compared to tachycardia, which is an extremely rapid heart rate, usually signified by a pulse of over 100 beats per minute. Adults usually have a resting heart rate of 70-80 beats per minute, although well-trained athletes can have resting rates in the 50 s or 60 s. Newborn babies have a normal heart rate of 120-160 beats per minute. A slowed heart rate can lead to a variety of other problems. First aid treatment may include administration of oxygen. 

Glycerol is a three-carbon metabolic intermediate. In the 1990s, human endurance athletes used it to expand their circulating volumes prior to exercise in an attempt to enhance performance. Glycerol typically ingested in water or saline Ih or so prior to exercise at a dose rate of 0.5-1. Og/kg. 

A stimulant that affects the nervous system, ephedrine has been used for decades as a component of nasal decongestants and asthma treatments. Ephedrine is also well known in athletic circles for its performance-enhancing properties. It causes high blood pressure and elevated heart rate, and is believed to increase the metabolism of those taking it for extended periods of time. This gives athletes more energy and allows calories to be burned more quickly. 

Carnitine supplementation in these states has proven effective. For example, in cardiac diseases, the myocardium uses fatty acids as its primary source of fuel therefore, a deficiency in carnitine may have a smous impact on heart rate and stroke volume and thus cardiac output. In fact, most research on these types of cardiac patients supports the use of carnitine as a supplement and furthermore has found that abnormal fatty add metabolism is normalized. " The focus of this chapter, however, will be the effects and efficacy of carnitine supplementation in healthy populations, spedfically as a potential eigogenic aid to athletic performance. 

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