Metabolic engineering enhanced

Mutation/selection, strain recombination (e.g., breeding/protoplast fusion), directed genomic a Ite ration/metabolic engineering/enhance me n t of gene expression rates Amino acid exchange/combinatorial... 

Ducrenx, L.J. et al.. Metabolic engineering of high carotenoid potato tnbers containing enhanced levels of beta-carotene and lutein, J. Exp. Bot. 56, 81, 2005. 

Metabolic Engineering for Enhancing Precursor Supply for Isoprenoid Production... 

Kim, S.-W. and Keasling, J.D. (2001) Metabolic engineering of the nonmevalonate isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis pathway in Escherichia coli enhances lycopene production. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 12, 408-415. 

Wang, G.-Y. and Keasbng, J.D. (2002) Amplification of HMG-CoA reductase production enhances carotenoid accumulation in Neurospora crassa. Metabolic Engineering, 4, 193-201. 

Li, R. and Townsend, C.A. (2006) Rational strain improvement for enhanced clavulanic acid production by genetic engineering of the glycolytic pathway in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Metabolic Engineering, 8, 240-252. 

Altaras, N. E. Cameron, D. C. Metabolic engineering of a 1,2-propanediol pathway in E.coli, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1999, 65, 1180-1185. (b) Enhanced production of... 

Biosynthetic production of thymidine is overall a complex process combining the controlled introduction of a novel biotransformation step into a biological system with selective enhancement or knock-out of a series of existing metabolic steps. Metabolic engineering to enhance cofactor recycling at both ribonucleotide reduction and dUMP methylation steps has important parallels in other systems, as whole-cell biotransformations are frequently employed as a means to supply, in situ, high-cost and usually labile cofactors. 

In addition to enhancement with essential vitamins, amino acids, and proteins, plants can also be metabolically engineered to produce nutritionally superior carbohydrates and lipids. The relative inexpensiveness as well as the capability to grow large-scale quantities make plant production an attractive feature. In the case of carbohydrates such as starch and sucrose, many products or modifications of these products can be produced on a large scale and at much lower costs than are currently available. For example, trehalose, a food additive, was in the past too costly for large-scale production however, it has now been produced in transgenic tobacco tissue at a much reduced cost. 

A. A. Aristidou, G. N. Bennett, and K. Y. San, Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to enhance recombinant protein production through acetate reduction, Biotechnol. Progr. 1995, 375-478. 

The phbA, phbB, and phbC genes from Alcaligenes eutrophus (Ralstonia eutrophus) encoding the biosynthetic enzymes (3-ketothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (NADPH-dependent), and PHB synthase, respectively, have been cloned into E. coli (Scheme 19.42).339-342 The use of in vitro evolution using error-prone polymerase chain reaction has led to enhanced accumulation of PHA in a resultant recombinant strain.343 Additional studies to enhance the biosynthesis of PHB through the use of metabolic engineering have been discussed.344... 

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