Metabolic agents

Bone mineral metabolism agents Parathyroid hormone Vitamin D... 

Anticholinergics Endocrine and metabolic agents Antimigraine Atrovent Miacalcin Migranal... 

Henrotin Y, Bassleer C, Franchimont P. In vitro effects of etodolac and acetylsalicylic acid on human chondrocyte metabolism. Agents Actions. 1992 36 317-323. 

Sessa, A. and Perin, A. (1994). Diamine oxidase in relation to diamine and polyamine metabolism. Agents Actions 43 69-77. 

Laroifidase is an endocrine and metabolic agent, which provides exogenous enzyme for uptake into lysosomes and increases the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans. It is indicated in the treatment of patients with Hurler and Hurler-Scheie forms of mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS1) and patients with the Scheie form who have moderate to severe symptoms. 

Miglustat is an endocrine and metabolic agent that causes a competitive and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme glu-cosylceramide synthase. It is indicated in the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease for whom enzyme replacement therapy is not an option (e.g., hypersensitivity). 

Octreotide acetate is an endocrine and metabolic agent, whose actions mimic those of natural hormone somatostatin. It suppresses secretion of serotonin and gastroentero-pancreatic peptides (e.g., gastrin, insulin, glucagon, secretin, and motilin), and also suppresses the growth hormone. It is indicated in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea associated with carcinoid tumors, treatment of profuse watery diarrhea associated with vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors (VIPoma), and to reduce blood levels of growth hormone and IGF-1 in acromegaly patients who have had inadequate response to or cannot be treated with resection, pituitary irradiation, and bromocriptine at maximally tolerated doses. 

PEA and TYR are substrates for W-acetyltransferase (NAT)-mediated biotransformation process. NATs metabolize agents that contain an aromatic amine or hydrazine group. Addition of an acetyl group leads to a less soluble molecule, altering its pharmacokinetics [37]. Therefore, W-acetylation is used by cells as an inactivation process of excess amines. Substrate specificity of NAT for biogenic amines was investigated in Fasciola Hepatica. TYR and PEA were found to be the best substrates with a relative rate of 98-100 % as compared to serotonin, norepinephrine, and DOP [38]. 

Systemic dosage toxicity is related to several factors (Table 64.4). In addition to dosage and rapid vascular uptake, toxicity may also be metabolism-dependent. Rapidly metabolized agents such as chloroprocaine are less toxic. Agents (especially in a large dose) placed in highly vascular tissues are more rapidly absorbed by the blood which can quickly reach toxic levels, compared to less vascular tissues [8],... 

Current Medicinal Chemistry Immunology, Endocrine Metabolic Agents, Bentham Science Publishers Vol. 4, 2004... 

Toxicology examines the dose and time-dependence of interactions between external agents (chemicals and elements) and normal metabolic agents. The first and most important principle of toxicology is that of dose-response, which states that there is a toxic dose and a safe dose for every external agent. Just as there are no inherently safe chemicals (safe under all conditions of exposure), there are also no agents that cannot be used safely by simply reducing the exposure. 

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