Meta-analysis baseline risk

Type-2 diabetes mellitus is known to increase dramatically the risk of cardiovascular death, as shown, among several other studies, in the large cohort of 340,000 men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial 11], Useful information has also been provided by the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) study [2], with analyses comparing cardiovascular outcomes in 1,503 diabetic hypertensives and 17,230 non-diabetic hypertensives, all subjected to intense antihypertensive treatment incidences of myocardial infarction, stroke, all major cardiovascular events, cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities were much higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics with relative risk of 1.45-2.13 even after adjusting for all other baseline risk factors (Fig. 1). Calculations from a recent meta-analysis of antihypertensive treatment trials... 

In this meta-analysis, major malformations were defined as potentially life threatening or a major eosmetie defeet .In the general population there is a 1-3% baseline risk for major malformations. Estimate ineidenee via eohort studies indieated 2 studies with a total of 7 malformations in 564 exposures or 1.2% rate of malformations whieh falls within the baseline risk for major malformations. 

Blanchon T, Brechot JM, Grenier PA et al. (2007) Baseline results of the Depiscan study a French randomized pilot trial of lung cancer screening comparing low dose CT scan (LDCT) and chest X-ray (CXR). Lung Cancer 58 50-58 Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Flordellis CS et al. (2007) Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer a meta-analysis of 18 studies involving more than 1.5 million patients. J Clin Oncol 25 3462-3468... 

In several studies, transfusion of older compared with fresh erythrocytes has been associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, intensive care treatment, mechanical ventilation, an increased risk of postoperative pneumonia, infection at any site, and multiorgan failure [21, 22 ]. However, most studies suffered from not adjusting the data for the number of units transfused. Patients who received old erythrocytes often received more cells on average than recipients of fresh erythrocytes. The amount of ceUs transfused reflects the severity of the illness, co-morbidity, and a poorer baseline prognosis [23 ]. A meta-analysis did not support the suspicion that old erythrocytes are associated with common adverse mor-bidity/mortality outcomes [24 ]. 

---