Mesoscale model growth

Coen and Clark [128] has coupled a fire model into a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic terrain-following numerical mesoscale model developed at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO. The model includes rain and cloud physics. Calculations predict the growth and spread of a fire line moving across a two dimensional small Gaussian hill (height 200 m, half-width 300 m) for a wind speed of 3 m/s, and a stable atmospheric lapse rate (10°C/km). The head of the fire propagated quickly uphill in the direction of the environmental wind. Once the fire reaches the top of the hill, the updrafts tend to inhibit the forward movement of the fire front, and the fire spreads faster laterally in the lee of the hill. 

Contrary to the convective internal boundary layer, a stable IBL develops when warmer air is advected from an upstream warmer land (or sea) sttrface to a cooler sea downstream. This situation is shown in Fig. lOc. The main difference between convective and stable IBLs is that the heat flux is directed upward (from a warm sea to cooler air) for a convective IBL and downward (from warm air to a cooler sea) for a stable IBL. A two-dimensional nirmerical mesoscale model was used by J. R. Garratt to investigate the internal structure and growth of a stably stratified IBL beneath warm continental air flowing over a cooler sea. An analytical model was also used by Garratt to study a stable IBL, and excellent agreement with the numerical results was found. This analytical model states that... 

More recently, so-caUed multigrain models have been developed (Asua, 2007 Tobita and Yanase, 2007) to describe polymerizations with solid catalysts in a more detailed manner, including a clear link between the micro- and mesoscale. In such models, the polymer growth and the possibility to form radial concentration and temperature gradients are accounted for. The catalyst particle is seen as an agglomeration of macrograins, which in turn are composed of micrograins, as depicted in Fig. 10.17. The catalyst sites are assumed to be present at the surface of the catalyst particle. 

In terms of applicable length scales and timescales, the KMC method generally ranks between molecular dynamics methods and mesoscale simulation techniques (Figure 1). Subramanian and his coworkers have recently reviewed modeling and simulations in lithium-ion battery research, including the importance of KMC in describing detailed electrochemical events, such as the growth of the passive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. 

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