Mesh voltage

The larger the grounded grid area, the lower will be the grid resistance, and the lower the GPR and the mesh voltage. 

Having fonnd K and Ki it is now possible to find the mesh voltage Em as follows. The resistance Rep is substitnted into the fanlt cnrrent eqnations (H.1.1) and (H.1.2), to give the total fault current If. The earth retnm circnit between the pole at point A in Fignre 13.12 and the earthing connection at point B at the sonrce is a parallel circnit of the resistances to earth en and Rgp and the overhead earth retnm line impedance Zgoh- The parallel combination is -... 

The comer mesh voltage in the centre of the mesh at any comer of the grid is -... 

Table H.lc. Data for earth resistance, touch voltage, ground potential rise and corner mesh voltage for different grid and rod designs...

It is also necessary to relate the comer mesh voltage Em to the ground potential rise GPR of the grid and rod system. 

Case A. The resistivity of the lower soil was chosen to be a moderate value of 100 ohm-m. Low values of resistance to earth at the pole, R p, were easily obtained. The main criterion is that the corner mesh voltage L must be less than the 50 kg touch voltage iitouchso- Only one case A.6 satisfies this criteria, 343 volts is less than 361 volts. This case requires a relatively large site area of 256 m for a pole and its associated equipment. 

Case C. The rods were driven deeper into the ground, to a depth of 50 m. The increase in depth by a factor of 5 only reduced the resistances to about 50% of their values in Case B. Some reduction in the comer mesh voltage was obtained. 

Voltage and Ground Plane Impedance. The impedance of perforated mesh voltage and ground planes is difficult to perform due to the number of variations in the size, placement, and shape of perforated mesh planes. 

The anode and cathode chambers are separated by a cation-permeable fluoropolymer-based membrane (see Membrane technology). Platinum-electroplated high surface area electrodes sold under the trade name of TySAR (Olin) (85,86) were used as the anode the cathode was formed from a two-layer HasteUoy (Cabot Corp.) C-22-mesh stmcture having a fine outer 60-mesh stmcture supported on a coarse inner mesh layer welded to a backplate. The cell voltage was 3.3 V at 8 kA/m, resulting ia a 40% current efficiency. The steady-state perchloric acid concentration was about 21% by weight. 

Gitter-konstante, /. lattice constant grating constant, -loch, n. (Cryst.) lattice hole, lattice void, -masche, /. grid mesh, -span-nung, /. (Elec.) grid voltage, -spektrograph,... 

Platinised titanium These anodes are usually in the form of titanium rod, tube or wire with a coating of platinum 2-5 to 5-0 tm thick. Diameters are generally in the range 3 to 25 mm. In order to reduce the voltage drop in very long anodes, a copper cored variety is available. Platinised titanium anodes may also be used in mesh or plain sheet form and can be fabricated to suit particular applications. 

To prevent withdrawal of the ions thus produced by penetration of the main accelerating field, either a small positive bias is applied to plate 6 or alternatively (31) the exit slit from the ionization chamber is covered by a transparent wire mesh. The ions are withdrawn from the ionization chamber by a voltage pulse of proper sign applied either to the repeller plate (plate 3) or to the ion withdrawal plate (plate 6). 

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the multimass ion imaging detection system. (1) Pulsed nozzle (2) skimmers (3) molecular beam (4) photolysis laser beam (5) VUV laser beam, which is perpendicular to the plane of this figure (6) ion extraction plate floated on V0 with pulsed voltage variable from 3000 to 4600 V (7) ion extraction plate with voltage Va (8) outer concentric cylindrical electrode (9) inner concentric cylindrical electrode (10) simulation ion trajectory of m/e = 16 (11) simulation ion trajectory of rri/e = 14 (12) simulation ion trajectory of m/e = 12 (13) 30 (im diameter tungsten wire (14) 8 x 10cm metal mesh with voltage V0] (15) sstack multichannel plates and phosphor screen. In the two-dimensional detector, the V-axis is the mass axis, and V-axis (perpendicular to the plane of this figure) is the velocity axis (16) CCD camera.

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