Mesenchymal Stem Cells Biology and their Interest for Regenerative Medicine

3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Biology and their Interest for Regenerative Medicine 

MSCs were initially described by Friedenstein in 1970 as an adherent fibroblast-like population in the bone marrow (BM) capable of differentiating into bone. Populations similar to that isolated initially from the bone marrow have also been identified from peripheral blood, periosteum and trabecular bone, umbilical cord blood (UCB), umbilical cord matrix UCM), synovial membrane, adipose tissue, limbal stroma, amniotic fluid and membrane, lung, dermis and muscle. However, the most useful in regenerative medicine are likely those obtained from adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and placenta, since they are derived from ethically acceptable sourees, are obtained in high numbers, and possess a multipotent eapaeity of differentiation towards cells and tissues belonging to mesodermie, endodermic, and ectodermic leaflets. In 2006 the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposed minimal criteria to 

Source of MSC Frequency of CFU-F at the isolation Proliferation capacity Senescence Mesodermic differentiation capacity Differentiation towards other lineages Ref. 

Adipose tissue Similar to BM MSCs (100%) Similar to BM MSCs (passage 8) 5.6% Osteogenic Chondrogenic Cardiomyoc3d es Vascular cells (smooth-muscle cells, endothelial) Neurons 82, 83, 84, 98, 99 

Umbilical cord matrix Similar to BM MSCs (100%) Higher than BM MSCs (passage 21) 71.5% Osteogenic Chondrogenic Adipogenic Muscle cells Endothelial Cardiomyoc5d es Hepatocytes Neurons Pancreatic 62, 89-93 

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