Meridians

In oriented systems (fibres or stretched films), the scattered image often appears as a two-bar or a four-point pattern with the scattering maximum at or near the meridian (fibre axis). The one-dimensional scattered intensity along the meridian must be calculated by the projection method using the following fonnalism... 

J. L. Easterly, personal communication. Meridian Corp., Alexandria, Va., Aug. 16, 1988. 

A Guide to Federal Programs in Biomass Energy, Meridian Corporation and Science AppHcations International Corp., Washington, D.C., Sept. 1984, 157 pp. 

R. B. Dole, The Quality of Suface Waters of the Ended States—Part 1, Analyses of Waters East of the One-Hundredth Meridian, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 236, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., 1909. 

If the earth did not rotate or if it rotated much more slowly than it does, a meridional (along meridians) circulation would take place in the troposphere (Fig. 17-24). Air would rise over the tropics, move poleward, sink over the poles forming a subsidence inversion, and then stream equa-... 

Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator. Longitude is the distance east or west of the prime meridian (Greenwich, Engiand). Latitude and longitude are measured in seconds, minutes, and degrees. 

Therefore, a stream function T may be introduced in the meridian plane of the cyclone, i.e., the r, 9) plane in the spherical coordinate system ... 

A similar type of isomerism occurs for [Ma3b3] octahedral complexes since each trio of donor atoms can occupy either adjacent positions at the comers of an octahedral face (/hcial) or positions around the meridian of the octahedron (meridional). (Fig. 19.12.) Geometrical isomers differ in a variety of physical properties, amongst which dipole moment and visible/ultraviolet spectra are often diagnostically important. 

Mitt., abbrev. (Mitteilung) communication, Mittag, m. midday, noon south. Mittags-essen, n. noon meal, -kreis, m., -linie, /. meridian,... 

Meridian Corporation. (1986). Waste-to-Energy A Primer for Utility Decision-Makers. Golden, CO Western Area Power Administration. 

Fig. 21.3 Vertical sections showing distribution of temperature, salinity, and oxygen in the Pacific Ocean, approximately along the meridian of I70°W. (After Sverdrup, H. U., Oceanography for Meteorologists, Allen and Unwin (1945))...

The standard unit of length in the metric system is the meter, which is a little larger than a yard. The meter was originally intended to be 1/40,000,000 of the earth s meridian that passes through Paris. It is now defined as the distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second. 

Figure 8. (Continued). As described above, the packing of myosin molecules into the thick filament is such that a layer of heads is seen every 14.3 nm, and this reflection is thought to derive from this packing. Off the meridian the 42.9 nm myosin based layer line is shown. This arises from the helical pitch of the thick filament, due to the way in which the myosin molecules pack into the filament. The helical pitch is 42.9 nm. c) Meridional reflections from actin. Actin based layer lines can be seen at 35.5 nm, 5.9 nm and 5.1 nm (1st, 6th, and 7th layer lines)and they all arise from the various helical repeats along the thin filament. Only the 35.5 nm layer line is shown here.The 5.9 nm and 5.1 nm layer lines arise from the monomeric repeat. The 35.5 nm layer line arises from the long pitch helical repeat and is roughly equivalent to seven actin monomers. A meridional spot at 2.8 nm can also be seen, d) The equatorial reflections, 1,0 and 1,1 which arise from the spacings between crystal planes seen in cross section of muscle.

Fig. 11-16 Partial pressure of CO2 in surface ocean water along the GEOSECS tracks (a) the Atlantic western basin data obtained between August 1972 and January 1973 (b) the central Pacific data along the 180° meridian from October 1973 to February 1974. The dashed line shows atmospheric CO2 for comparison. The equatorial areas of both oceans release CO2 to the atmosphere, whereas the northern North Atlantic is a strong sink for CO2. (Modified with permission from W. S. Broecker et al. (1979). Fate of fossil fuel carbon dioxide and the global carbon budget, Science 206,409 18, AAAS.)...

In this isomer, three of the same ligands lie on an equatorial circle about the complex. Such a circle is called a meridian, and this isomer is the meridional isomer, abbreviated mer. 

We have derived Equation (2.164), which shows how the field varies with the reduced latitude p on the surface of the spheroid. The reduced latitude is the angle between the radius vector and the equatorial plane. Fig. 2.7c. Also, it is useful to study the function y — y q>), where tp is the geographical latitude. This angle is formed by the normal to the ellipsoid at the given point p and the equatorial plane. Fig. 2.7b. First, we find expressions for coordinates v, y of the meridian ellipse. Its equation is... 

Fig. 3.14 Left. NASA Mars-Exploration-Rover (artist view courtesy NASA, JPL, Cornell). On the front side of the Rover the robotic arm carrying the Mossbauer spectrometer and other instruments can be seen in stowed position. Right, robotic arm before placement on soil target at Victoria crater rim, Meridian Planum, Mars. The Mossbauer instrument MIMOS II with its circular contact plate can be seen, pointing towards the rover camera. See also Sect. 8.3...

Figure 4. A set of pole figures for three reflections of a highly oriented linear polyethylene specimen. The concentric circles are parallels of latitude, which represent constant values of x from 0 deg (outermost circle) to 90 deg (north pole) in 15 deg steps. The straight lines are meridians of longitude, which represent constant values of < > from 180 degrees to +180 degrees.

Figure 5. Stereographic projection of data for figure 4a. The point x=° is at the center of the figure. The meridians...

The solution to access the invisible areas is readily copied from texture analysis tilt the sample by y and receive 1 data point on the meridian that corresponds to S3 = (2/A) sin y/. The result of the mapping is shown in Fig. 2.7. Thus by recording a series of images taken at different tilt angles of the fiber the blind area can be covered to a sufficient extent. Finally, the remnant blind spots may be covered by means of... 

Fiber Symmetry Equator and Meridian. Figure 4.1 sketches a scattering experiment of a polymer sample under uniaxial load. Let us assume that the material... 

On the other hand, strong SAXS reflections of uniaxial material are, in general, found on the meridian8. So be sure that a SAXS detector covers the meridian whenever fiber material or strained polymers are studied. 

In general, only a 2D scattering pattern will be available. In this case isotropization can only be performed if the pattern shows fiber symmetry and the fiber axis is contained in the scattering pattern. This symmetry axis must be known. Complete is the available information under these conditions only if SAXS data are evaluated. For WAXS data there are blind regions about the meridian (cf. Fig. 2.6 on p. 28), and missing information must be completed either by extrapolation or by extra experiments in which the sample is tilted with respect to the primary beam. 

Figure 8.29. A particle-ghost displacement-principle governs the relation between structure and CDF. The height of the CDF signal is proportional to the area of contact between the particle and its ghost. A bold arrow in the base plane indicates the meridian (fiber direction)...

Split-Meridional Distribution. Figure 9.4a displays a case of a unimodal, non-meridional orientation distribution the most probable orientation of the structural entities does not coincide with the meridian. If the orientation distribution itself is broad, the split character of the distribution may be invisible. Then it is an apparently meridional distribution. 

---