Mercury chemical properties

Thus it can be seen that elements in and near the island of stabiHty based on element 114 can be predicted to have chemical properties as foUows. Element 114 should be a homologue of lead, that is, should be eka-lead, and element 112 should be eka-mercury, element 110 should be eka-platinum, etc (26,27). If there is an island of stabiHty at element 126, this element and its neighbors should have chemical properties like those of the actinide and lanthanide elements (26). 

Strontium [7440-24-6] Sr, is in Group 2 (IIA) of the Periodic Table, between calcium and barium. These three elements are called alkaline-earth metals because the chemical properties of the oxides fall between the hydroxides of alkaU metals, ie, sodium and potassium, and the oxides of earth metals, ie, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. Strontium was identified in the 1790s (1). The metal was first produced in 1808 in the form of a mercury amalgam. A few grams of the metal was produced in 1860—1861 by electrolysis of strontium chloride [10476-85-4]. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms. Calochlor Corrosive mercury chloride Corrosive sublimate Mercury bichloride Mercury (II) chloride Mercury perchloride Chemical Formula-. HgClj Observable Characteristics(as shipped)-. Solid Color. White colorless Odor. None. Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical State at 15 X and 1 atm. Solid Molecular Weight-. 271.50 Boiling Point at I atm. 576, 302, 575 Freezing Point 531, 277, 550 Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity 5.4 at 20 °C (solid) Vapor (Gas) Specific Gravity Not pertinent Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) Not pertinent Latent Heat of Vaporization Not pertinent Heat of Combustion Heat of Decomposition Not pertinent. 

In the sixth-row transition elements (lan-thanum through mercury) there is an additional complication. There are seven 4f orbitals which are very close in energy to the 5d orbitals. Putting electrons into these 4f orbitals means there will be fourteen additional elements in this row. These fourteen elements are almost identical in many chemical properties. We will discuss them in the next chapter. 

An acidified solution of the sodium salt was allowed to evaporate during 3 days and spontaneously exploded 2 weeks later. The nature of the explosive species, possibly the aci-tetrazolic acid, was being sought [1]. The silver and mercury salts are explosive [2], The chemical properties of the free nitrotetrazole have been studied. The sodium salt tetrahydrate loses water above 50°C, greatly increasing its friction and shock sensitivity [3],... 

To calibrate an instrument such as a thermometer, we correlate a physico-chemical property (such as the length / of the mercury) using the temperature-dependent properties of a known standard. 

Electro Capillarity and the dropping Mercury Electrode. The term electro capillarity derives from the early application of measurements of interfacial tension at the Hg-electrolyte interface. The interfacial tension, y, can be measured readily with a dropping mercury electrode. E.g., the life time of a drop, tmax. is directly proportional to the interfacial tension y. Thus, y is measured as a function of y in presence and absence of a solute that is adsorbed at the Hg-water interface this kind of data is amenable to thermodynamic interpretation of the surface chemical properties of the electrode-water interface. 

Tetryl and butyltetryl are alike in their physical and chemical properties. The latter is notable for its low sensitiveness to impact, very similar to that of trinitrotoluene. Since it is slightly more powerful than trinitrotoluene and at the same time highly sensitive to detonation by mercury fulminate, it was suggested (Davis [72]) for use in detonators, gains (boosters) and other initiating or priming charges. 

Electrodes of this sort have many different chemical properties from pure mercury electrodes, because of the formation of a gold or platinum amalgam [18]. Normally, a drop is suspended just prior to an experiment, so this problem will be of no serious consequence. Nevertheless, since the solubility of these noble metals in mercury is about 0.05 M at room temperature [19], the concentration of gold or platinum in mercury may be quite significant on a longer time scale. In such cases, gold or platinum may form intermetallic compounds with several metals that are electrodeposited into the mercury [18]. 

Certain alloys of iron, nickel, and cobalt (Kovar, Fernico, etc.) have thermal expansion curves which nearly match those of borosilicate glasses, and a good bond may be formed between the two. Kovar is similar to carbon steel in its chemical properties. For example, it oxidizes when heated in air and is not wet by mercury. It may be machined, welded, copper brazed, and soft soldered. Silver solders should not be used with Kovar since they may cause embrittlement. At low temperatures Kovar undergoes a phase transformation, and the change in expansion coefficient below this temperature may be sufficient to cause failure of a glass-to-Kovar seal. The transformation temperature usually is below... 

Mercury, as the only liquid metal, is always playing an extraordinary role. The element Hg as well as its compounds show physical-chemical properties quite different from those of other metals. The most important Hg compounds can be classified in the following three groups (1) elementary Hg (2) inorganic Hg(I)... 

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